非专利实施主体的运营活动及应对措施

Research on Operational Activities of Non-Practicing Entities and Corresponding Measures

近年来,美国的非专利实施主体(NPE)广泛地开展专利诉讼业务,给产业创新和专利制度带来巨大的负面影响。随着NPE进入我国开展专利布局,并开始对中国企业发起诉讼,需要深入地研究NPE的应对措施。本文剖析了NPE的产生、运营模式、对美国的影响以及美国对NPE的规制。研究发现,NPE具有盘活专利交易市场、降低专利交易成本等方面的积极作用,NPE的专利诉讼给产业创新和专利制度也带来了冲击;美国主要是通过完善专利审查制度控制专利源头的质量,健全专利诉讼规则降低NPE的获利空间来规制NPE的专利诉讼。最后,结合NPE对我国专利制度的挑战,从引导NPE发挥专业化运营功能、明确专利授权标准、完善诉讼规则等方面提出了对策建议。

In recent years,Non-Practicing Entities(NPEs)have been extensively engaged in patent litigation,which has brought great negative impact on industrial innovation and the patent system in the U.S..As NPEs have entered China to carry out patent layout and initiate litigation against Chinese enterprises,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on NPE's response measures.This article analyzes the emergence of NPEs,their mode of operation,their impact on the U.S.,and regulation of NPEs in the U.S..It is found that NPEs have positive impact of revitalizing the patent trading market and reducing the cost of patent trade,while patent litigations by NPEs have brought negative impact on industrial innovation and patent system.In the U.S.,patent litigation of NPEs are mainly regulated by improving the patent examination system to control the quality of patent sources,and improving patent litigation rules to reduce their profit margins.Finally,based on the challenges posed by NPEs to China's patent system,countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from guiding NPEs to play a professional operational role,clarifying patent authorization standards,and improving litigation rules.