中古汉语副词“转”语法化连续性环境研究

Study of the Semantic Continuous Contexts in Grammaticalization of Adverb"zhuan"in Middle Chinese

文章以东汉到魏晋南北朝时期的汉译佛经为主要语料,从语法化环境具有连续性的理论出发,讨论了中古汉语时期“转”的各种副词用法演变的语法化环境。这一时期“转”有程度副词、情状副词和语气副词三种用法,它们都是由“变化”义的动词“转”语法化而来,新的语法功能经桥梁环境、在转换环境中最终形成,而“转换环境”是可以采用一定的形式标准将其识别出来的。文章最后还讨论了基本见于佛经的“转复”“转便”“转更”的副词用法,指出它们源于不熟悉汉语的译经僧人(二语习得者)的学习偏误。

Based on the Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures from the Eastern Han to Wei Jin and the Southern-Northern dynasties,and adopted the view of the semantic continuity in contexts for grammaticalization,the paper discusses the various usages of adverb of"zhuan"in the Middle Chinese period and its grammaticalization process.In this period,"zhuan"as an adverb demonstrates three usages:degree adverbs,manner adverbs and modal adverbs,all of which are evolved from the verb"zhuan"indicating the meaning of"change".The new grammatical functions are finally formed in the"transition environments"through"bridge context".The"transition environments"can be figured out through certain formal standards.This paper also discusses the temporal adverbs of"zhuanfu""zhuanbian""zhuangeng",which are basically found in the Buddhist scriptures.The paper points out that these adverbs come from errors of acquisition of the foreign Buddhist monks(bilingual practitioners)who are not familiar with Chinese.