杭州市湿地的鸟类多样性及区系特征研究

Diversity and Fauna of Bird in the Wetlands of Hangzhou

杭州是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上的重要区域,境内湿地面积大而多样,为鸟类提供了优质的栖息环境。为掌握杭州湿地的鸟类资源状况,搜集和整理了文献资料、科考报告、观鸟数据库、笔者的鸟类记录等,编制形成了《杭州湿地鸟类名录(2023版)》。截至2023年3月,记录于杭州湿地的鸟类共20目73科228属428种,其中,水鸟167种,海鸟30种。在428种鸟类中,有19种国家一级保护鸟类、75种国家二级保护鸟类;有10种鸟类被《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I收录,有40种被附录II收录。有3种鸟类为《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中的极危物种,有7种鸟类为濒危物种,有18种鸟类为易危物种;有4种鸟类为《中国生物多样性红色名录》中的极危物种,有12种鸟类为濒危物种,有17种鸟类为易危物种。在杭州湿地的428种鸟类中,候鸟物种数(263种)明显高于留鸟物种数(118种);古北种鸟类比例(56.78%)明显高于东洋种鸟类比例(22.90%);繁殖鸟中的东洋种比例(50.30%)明显高于古北种比例(8.88%)。杭州湿地的鸟类物种数的增加主要取决于调查的深入和观鸟活动的普及。加强科研监测、保护湿地环境、加大科教宣传、完善法律法规等,对湿地的鸟类保护和管理至关重要。

Based on literatures,scientific reports,bird watching database and records of bird in wetlands of Hangzhou city,Zhejiang province,428 bird species including 20 orders,73 families and 228 genera(167 species of waterbird and 30 species of seabird)were listed by the end of March 2023.There were 19 species under first-class state protection and 75 species under second-class state protection.10 species and 40 ones were regulated by CITES Appendix I and II respectively.There were 3,7,and 18 species listed in the IUCN Red List as critically endangered,endangered and vulnerable.It had 4,12,and 17 species listed in the China’s Red List of Biodiversity as critically endangered,endangered and vulnerable.The number of migratory birds(263 species)was much higher than that of resident ones(118 species).The proportion of Palaearctic species(56.78%)was significantly higher than those of Oriental species(22.90%).The proportion of Oriental species(50.30%)was obviously higher than those of Palaearctic species(8.88%)among breeding birds.