土壤相对含水量对青花椒和竹叶花椒不同品种生长结实的影响

Effects of soil relative water content on growth and seed setting of different varieties of green and bamboo-leaf Zanthoxylum

分析土壤相对含水量对青花椒Zanthoxylum schinifoliu和竹叶花椒Z.armatum不同品种生长和结实的影响,可为花椒高效栽培提供理论依据。本文以3个5年生青花椒品种‘云林2号’‘腊龙2号’和竹叶花椒品种‘丽青2号’为试材,采用滴灌方式设置4种土壤相对含水量处理:75%~80%(W_(1)处理)、55%~60%(W_(2)处理)、40%~45%(W_(3)处理)、30%~35%(W_(4)处理),探究土壤相对含水量对3个青花椒和竹叶花椒品种生长、生理和结果指标的影响。结果表明,在相对含水量不同的土壤中,3个参试青花椒和竹叶花椒品种的生长、生理和结果指标差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);4个处理中,3个花椒品种的生长指标(平均须根数、平均地径、平均新梢长度)、生理指标(平均叶片相对含水量、平均鲜果相对含水量)和结果指标(平均果径、平均鲜果百粒重、平均单株鲜果产量)增长值顺序均为W_(2)>W_(1)>W_(3)>W_(4);土壤相对含水量为55%~60%(W_(2))时,青花椒品种‘云林2号’‘腊龙2号’和竹叶花椒品种‘丽青2号’的生长、生理和结果指标显著高于W_(1)处理75%~80%、W_(3)处理40%~45%和W_(4)处理30%~35%。另外,在相同含水量土壤中,当地优良无性系竹叶花椒品种‘丽青2号’根系生长更好,新梢萌发更强。因此,在栽培花椒时,可在田间管理中选择55%~60%田间持水量控水灌溉,并推广适宜当地种植的优良品种。

Analysis of soil relative water content in different varieties of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold&Zucc.And Zanthoxylum armatum DC.The effects of growth and fruit bearing on Zanthoxylum provided theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of Zanthoxylum.Three 5-year green Zanthoxylum zanthoxylum cultivars‘Yunlin No.2’,‘Lalong No.2’and bamboo Zanthoxylum cultivars‘Liqing No.2’were used as test materials,and 4 kinds of soil relative water content were set up by drip irrigation:75%~80%(W_(1)treatment),55%~60%(W_(2)treatment),40%~45%(W_(3)treatment),30%~35%(W_(4)treatment),the effects of soil relative water content on the growth,physiology and fruit indexes of 3 Zanthoxylum cultivars were investigated.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth,physiology and fruit indexes of the three varieties of Zanthoxanthium in different soil with different relative water content(P<0.01).Among the 4 treatments,the growth indexes(average number of roots,average ground diameter,average shoot length),physiological indexes(average relative water content of leaves,average relative water content of fresh fruit)and outcome indexes(average fruit diameter,average fruit weight per 100 grains,average fruit yield per plant)of 3 Zanthus pepper varieties were in the order of W_(2)>W_(1)>W_(3)>W_(4).When the soil relative water content was 55%-60%(W_(2)),the growth,physiological and fruit indexes of‘Yunlin No.2’,‘Lalong No.2’and‘Liqing No.2’of bamboo Zanthoxylum were significantly higher than those of W_(1)treatment by 75%-80%,W_(3)treatment by 40%-45 and W_(4)treatment by 30%-35%.In addition,in the soil with the same water content,the local excellent clonal variety‘Liqing No.2’had better root growth and stronger shoot germination.Therefore,in the cultivation of Zanthoxylum,55%~60%of the field water capacity can be selected in the field management of water-controlled irrigation,and promote the best varieties suitable for local planting.