2023年中国龙卷活动及灾情特征

Tornado Activities and Disaster Characteristics in China in 2023

通过风灾调查和网络信息研判,分析了2023年中国龙卷时空分布特征。2023年中国共出现56个陆龙卷及20个水龙卷,可确认灾情强度等级的龙卷有28个,其中EF2级及以上强龙卷有8个。陆龙卷多发于东北地区、江淮平原及华北平原,发生时段为3—9月,主要影响系统是东北冷涡、江淮气旋和热带气旋。江苏省龙卷发生频次最多,共遭受12个龙卷袭击,其中EF2级及以上强龙卷6个,造成14人死亡。水龙卷多发于沿海地区,发生时段为3—10月。2023年,台风龙卷数量相对较少,但受东北冷涡及江淮气旋影响,多次发生龙卷群发事件。

Through the investigation of wind disasters and the analysis of online information,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of tornadoes in China in 2023 are analyzed.The conclusions are as follows.In 2023,a total of 56 land tornadoes and 20 waterspouts occurred in China.There were 28 tornadoes of confirmed intensity levels,8 of which were of EF2 intensity or higher.Land tornadoes occurred more frequently in the northeast region,the Yangtze-Huaihe plain,and the North China Plain,spanning from March to September.The main influencing systems were the northeast cold vortex,the Jianghuai cyclone,and tropical cyclones.Jiangsu Province experienced the highest frequency of tornadoes.A total of 12 tornadoes hit Jiangsu in 2023,including 6 tornadoes of EF2 intensity or higher,and resulting in 14 deaths.Waterspouts were more frequently seen in coastal areas,occurring from March to October.In 2023,the number of typhoon-triggered tornadoes was relatively low,but due to the northeast cold vortex and the Jianghuai cyclone,multiple clusters of tornadoes occurred.