需求侧资源聚合参与调峰的双层优化模型研究

Research on two-level optimization model of demand side resource aggregation participating in peak shaving

随着可再生能源规模的不断扩大与经济水平的不断提高,电力系统调峰能力不足的问题日益突出,需求响应作为灵活性调节资源,其发展有利于提升电力系统运行的安全性和灵活性、缓解调峰压力。基于上述原因,首先,将需求响应技术应用到调峰服务中,建立需求侧资源聚合参与调峰的双层优化模型,售电公司层面模型确定以售电公司利益最大化为目标的价格策略,用户层面模型依据售电公司价格信号,以用户效用最大化为目标,对用户用电量进行决策。然后,利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)互补松弛条件,将用户层面模型转换为售电公司层面模型的约束条件,再基于Big-M法将转化后的单层非线性模型中非线性项线性化。算例分析表明,该双层模型能有效描述售电公司需求侧资源聚合参与调峰的过程,为零售市场主体参与调峰制定策略提供有效参考。

With the continuous expansion of the scale of renewable energy and the continuous development of economic level,the problem of insufficient peak shaving capacity of power system is becoming increasingly prominent.As a flexible regulation resource,the development of demand response is conducive to improving the safety and flexibility of power system operation and alleviating the pressure of peak shaving.Based on the above reasons,firstly,the demand response technology is applied to the peak shaving service,and a two-layer optimization model is established,in which the demand-side resource aggregation participates in peak shaving.At the model level of electricity retailers,the price strategy is determined to maximize the interests of the electricity retailers.At the model level of users,the electricity consumption decision is made based on the price signals of the electricity retailers and to maximize the utility of users.Secondly,the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)complementary relaxation condition is used to transform the user-level model into the constraints of the electricity retailer-level model,and then the nonlinear terms in the transformed single-layer nonlinear model are linearized based on the Big-M method.The example analysis shows that the two-layer model can effectively describe the process of demand side resource aggregation participating in peak shaving,and provide an effective reference for retail market players to participate in the formulation of peak-shaving strategies.