易宗神化天人道,经妙会通圣哲心——清代天主教徒吕立本《易经本旨》“耶易会通”析论

Lyu Liben’s Yijing Ben Zhi Analysis on Understanding between Catholicism and the Book of Changes

乾隆中期,出现了一本以天主教思想为主要诠释的著作,即吕立本(LyuLiben,生平未详)所撰《易经本旨》。《易经本旨》手稿收藏在上海徐家汇藏书楼,经钟鸣旦(Nicolas Standaert)、杜鼎克(AdrianDudink)、王仁芳(WangRenfang)编辑整理,后收录于台北“利氏学社”所出版《徐家汇明清天主教文献续编》第一、二册之中。《易经本旨》对《易经》的诠释结构,主要针对卦辞、爻辞、传文作出诠释,同时以天主教思想的前理解、天主教的教义与神话故事植入,因此充满着浓厚的天主教气息与神格化诠释趋势。本文主要以《易经本旨》与《圣经》作为对照,分别从《易经本旨》的主旨与风格、天人关系、巽女生离王,以及《圣经》与《易经》的天地观四个向度,探讨析论《易经本旨》受到天主教教义影响后生成的独特内涵。要之,吕立本运用天主教思想注解《易经》之举,含有捍卫天主教原典的宗教意义。此方法与佛教初传入中国时常使用的格义法有异曲同工之妙;然而,在转化的过程中,所欲传达的教义很有可能受到语境的限制,而使教义与原典产生偏差;此外,西方耶稣会索隐派(Figurism,SocietasIesu)传教士如白晋(JoachimBouvet,1656‒1730)等的《易经》研究,与吕立本作为天主教徒的诠释立场、脉络与内容之间的同异,以及其间可能存在的联系或区别等,仍具有后续深化研究的比较价值,值得观照与探索。

In the middle of Qianlong’s reign,a book with Catholic ideas as its main interpretation appeared,namely Yijing Ben Zhi(The Original Intention of the Book of Changes)written by Lyu Li-ben(life unknown).The manuscript of Yijing Ben Zhi is collected in the Xujiahui Library in Shanghai.It was edited and compiled by Nicolas Standaert,Adrian Dudink,and Wang Renfang,and was later published by the Ricci Institute in Taipei,included the first and second volumes of Xujiahui Catholic Documents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The interpretative structure of the Book of Changes in Yijing Ben Zhi mainly focuses on the hexagrams,lines and texts.At the same time,it is based on the pre-understanding of Catholic thought,Catholic teachings and mythological stories,therefore it is full of strong Catholic flavor and demonstrates a tendency of divine interpretation.This article mainly compares Yijing Ben Zhi with the Holy Bible,which focuses on four aspects:the theme and style of the Yijing Ben Zhi,the relationship between heaven and man,King Li born of the Xun woman(superior woman),and the views of heaven and earth in the Holy Bible and the Book of Changes,thus explores and analyzes the unique connotation of Yijing Ben Zhi influenced by Catholic teachings.In short,Lyu Liben’s adoption of Catholic ideas to annotate the Book of Changes contains the religious significance of defending the original Catholic scriptures.This method is similar to the categorical method commonly used when Buddhism was first introduced to China;however,during the transformation process,the teachings to be conveyed are likely to be limited by the context,causing the teachings to deviate from the original scriptures.Furthermore,the academic values of the similarities and differences between the study of the Book of Changes by Western Jesuit(Figurism,Societas Iesu)missionaries such as Joachim Bouvet(1656‒1730)and Lyu Liben’s interpretive stance,approach and content as a Catholic are somehow understudied and remain an area yet to be explored.