日本海外子女教育的理念转向及经验审思

A Study of the Idea and Strategies Shift in the Education of Japanese Children Abroad

海外子女受教育权的域外保障演化出基础教育海外办学的实践样态。日本海外子女教育在历史沿革、内涵特征和实现方式等方面展现出“封闭”与“开放”的割裂特征。世纪之交以来,在海外子女年龄结构渐趋多元、国际人才竞争日益激烈、国际教育压力骤增的背景下,日本海外子女教育逐渐从以“教育补偿”为内核的延伸教育给付转向兼具国际人才培养与对外文化传播的“国际教育”新阶段。日本政府依托政策保障、环境优化、师资配置三重手段动态改进海外子女教育体系,形成国际教育与本土教育相互补充、教育补偿与全球治理相互兼顾、政府机构与公益团体相互合作的发展特色。在功能指向上,海外子女教育既是日本向域外国民子女延伸的教育补偿,也是其国际人力资本投资的重要途径,更是其传播日本文化、推广日式教育经验、培育亲日群体的新媒介。

The right to education for children living overseas is guaranteed.This issue has become a global concern due to the increasing transnational mobility in the context of internationalization.Overseas schools serve as a practical vehicle for this purpose.In Japan,the education of overseas children has been characterized by a division between isolation and openess.Since the beginning of the 21st century,there has been a shift in the education of Japanese children abroad.The focus has moved from an extended educational payment with"educational compensation"as its core to a new stage of"international education"that combines the cultivation of international talents with the dissemination of foreign cultures.This shift has been driven by the diversification of the age structure of overseas children,the increasingly fierce competition for international talent,and the sudden increase in pressure on international education.The Japanese government has implemented a four-pronged approach to improve the education system for overseas children.This approach includes policy protection,environmental optimization,teacher deployment,and student support.As a result,overseas schools have transformed from being closed and isolated to being diversified and open,demonstrating a development feature in which international education and local education complement each other.The approach takes into account educational compensation and global governance,and involves cooperation between government agencies and public interest groups.Currently,education for children living abroad serves as a means of compensating for Japan's education system,extending to its nationals outside the country,as well as a crucial investment in international human capital.Additionally,it is a significant medium for promoting Japanese culture,popularizing the experience of Japanese education,and fostering a pro-Japanese community.