基于数据挖掘探讨国家中药专利复方干预青光眼的用药规律

Exploration of the Medicinal Patterns in National Traditional Chinese Medicine Patents for Intervention in Glaucoma through Data Mining

目的 基于国家专利数据库分析中药干预青光眼的用药规律。方法 检索1993年2月1日—2023年1月31日国家知识产权局专利公布公告网站中干预青光眼的中药专利,将专利号、中药组方录入Excel 2019软件建立数据库,对药物名称进行规范处理后,采用SPSS 25.0软件对高频中药进行系统聚类分析,IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行关联规则分析。结果 (1)一般情况:共纳入128项中药专利,涉及中药459味,累计使用频次1,736次,使用频次>20次的中药(高频中药)共17味。(2)中药属性:四气以寒性最多,共175味(38.13%),五味以甘味最多,共183味(39.87%),归经以肝经最多,共173味(37.69%)。(3)高频中药使用频次:使用频次排在前5位的依次为枸杞子38次(2.19%)、石决明38次(2.19%)、菊花35次(2.02%)、甘草33次(1.90%)、决明子31次(1.79%)。(4)高频中药功效分类:以补虚药和清热药最多,各4味(23.53%),其次为解表药和利水渗湿药各3味(17.65%)、平肝熄风药2味(11.76%)、活血化瘀药1味(5.88%)。(5)高频中药聚类分析:共得到2类组合,功效分别是疏肝养血和清热燥湿。(6)高频中药关联规则分析:关联性排在前5位的药对依次为防风-柴胡、当归-甘草、知母-石决明、黄芩-甘草、生地黄-石决明。结论 国家中药专利干预青光眼所用中药药性多为寒性,药味多甘,多入肝经,治疗以补益肝肾、清热泻火、疏肝解郁为主,体现了青光眼的临床治疗原则。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the medication patterns in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of glaucoma using the national patent database from February1~(st),1993 to January 31~(st),2023.METHODS The intervention patents for glaucoma in the National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Gazette website were retrieved.The patent number and TCM prescription were compiled in an Excel 2019 software database.After standardizing the Chinese medicines'names,systematic clustering analysis of high-frequency Chinese medicines was performed using SPSS 25.0 software.Additionally,association rule analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software.RESULTS (1) General overview:A total of 128 TCM patents were included,involving 459 different Chinese medicines with a cumulative frequency of 1,736 usage.There were 17 highfrequency Chinese medicines (frequency>20 times).(2) Chinese medicines'attributes:Cold-natured Chinese medicines accounted for the most (175 medicines,38.13%),while sweet-natured Chinese medicines were the highest among the five tastes (183 medicines,39.87%),and most Chinese medicines belonged to the Liver meridian (173 medicines,37.69%).(3) High-frequency Chinese medicines usage:The top five in frequency were Lycii Fructus 38 times (2.19%),Cassiae Semen38 times (2.19%),Chrysanthemi Flos 35 times (2.02%),Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 33 times(1.90%),and Cassiae Semen 31 times (1.79%).(4) Classification of high-frequency Chinese medicines efficacy:Most were tonics and heat-clearing medicines,each with four Chinese medicines (23.53%).This was followed by three Chinese medicines each for surface-relieving and dampness-eliminating,respectively (17.65%),two Chinese medicines for liver-calming and windextinguishing (11.76%),and one Chinese medicine for blood-activating and stasis-resolving(5.88%).(5) High-frequency Chinese medicines cluster analysis:Two main combinations were obtained,which were liver nourishing and blood circulation improvement,and heat-clearing and dampness-relieving.(6) Association rule analysis of high-frequency Chinese medicines:The top five associated Chinese medicine pairs were Saposhnikoviae Radix and Bupleuri Radix,Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Cassiae Semen,Scutellariae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix and Cassiae Semen.CONCLUSIONS Chinese medicine patents for glaucoma intervention predominantly utilize cold-natured,sweet-flavored Chinese medicines that primarily act on liver meridian.The treatment approach focuses on nourishing liver and kidney,clearing heat,and dispersing liver Qi,reflecting the clinical principles in treating glaucoma.