2022—2023年阜阳市食品重金属污染情况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Food in Fuyang City from 2022 to 2023

目的:调查分析2022—2023年阜阳市食品风险监测6种食品中Pb、Cd、总Hg、总As、Cr5种重金属污染情况,为食品安全风险监测提供数据支持。方法:采用随机采样的方法,采集阜阳市三区五县农贸市场及各类商超小麦粉、玉米粉、大米、茶叶、黄豆和蔬菜等样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测,对同一重金属元素在不同样品中检出情况及不同重金属元素在相同样品中检出情况进行分析。结果:80份样品中有2份大米样品Pb超标,超标率为2.5%;5种重金属检出率依次为Cr(83.8%)>总As(78.8%)>Cd(61.3%)>Pb(45%)>总Hg(0%);茶叶样品中Cr、Pb最高检出值较高,分别为0.645 mg·kg^(-1)和0.559 mg·kg^(-1),大米样品Pb、Cd、总As最高值分别为0.816 mg·kg^(-1)、0.166 0 mg·kg^(-1)、0.251 0 mg·kg^(-1),存在一定的污染风险;总Hg均未检出,5种重金属检出情况具有统计学差异,χ^(2)=146.323,P<0.001;超标情况无统计学差异,χ^(2)=4.401,P=0.198;结论:2022—2023年监测的80份样品中有2份大米样品Pb超标,且均来自农贸市场样品,应加强农贸市场食品安全监管力度;大米、小麦粉、玉米粉样品Pb(2份超标样品除外)、Cd、总As检出率及最大检出值偏高,虽低于标准限值,但存在一定的污染风险,茶叶中Pb、Cd、总As、Cr检出率均为100%,明显高于黄豆和蔬菜样品,未出现超标样品,总体污染状况良好,食品卫生质量相对安全,但存在污染风险,特别应加强谷物和茶叶重金属的连续监测。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the pollution of Pb,Cd,total Hg,total As and Cr in 6 kinds of food risk monitoring in Fuyang city from 2022 to 2023,so as to provide data support for food safety risk monitoring.Method:Random sampling was used to collect wheat flour,corn flour,rice,tea,soybeans and vegetables from farmers’markets in three districts and five counties of Fuyang city.The samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The detection of the same heavy metal elements in different samples and the detection of different heavy metal elements in the same samples were analyzed.Result:Among 80 samples,2 rice samples were found to exceed the standard by Pb,and the rate of exceeding the standard was 2.5%.The detection rate of 5 heavy metals was Cr(83.8%)>Total As(78.8%)>Cd(61.3%)>Pb(45%)>total Hg(0%).The highest detectable values of Cr and Pb in tea samples were 0.645 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.559 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,while the highest detectable values of Pb,Cd and total As in rice samples were 0.816 mg·kg^(-1),0.1660 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.2510 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,and there was a certain risk of contamination.No total Hg was detected,and there was statistical difference in the detection of 5 heavy metals,χ^(2)=146.323,P<0.001;there were statistically significant differences in the exceedance,χ^(2)=4.401,P=0.198.Conclusion:Two samples of rice Pb exceeded the standard in 80 samples monitored from 2022-2023,which were from farmers’market samples.Therefore,the supervision of food safety in farmers’market should be strengthened.The detection rates and maximum values of Pb,Cd and total As in rice,wheat flour and corn flour samples are high,and although they are lower than the standard limits,there are certain pollution risks.The detection rates of Pb,Cd,total As and Cr in tea are 100%,which is significantly higher than that of soybean and vegetable samples,and there are no exceedance samples,so the overall pollution condition is good.The quality of food hygiene is relatively safe,but there is a risk of pollution,especially the continuous monitoring of heavy metals in cereals and tea should be strengthened.