壳聚糖基可注射水凝胶在骨组织修复再生方面的研究进展

Research progress of chitosan-based injectable hydrogels in bone tissue repair and regeneration

骨移植物或骨替代材料已经被广泛应用于骨疾病相关的治疗手术。传统的骨修复方法包括自体移植、同种异体移植和手术重建,但是往往会带来排异反应、疾病传播风险和重复手术的潜在危害,因此利用组织工程技术对临床治疗骨缺损相关疾病具有重要的研究意义。骨组织工程是一个涉及多学科交叉的领域,在生物医用方面具有重要的应用价值,壳聚糖是天然高分子的一种典型代表,具有良好的生物安全性、抗菌性、抗氧化,以及低毒性及低成本等特点,被认为是组织再生领域中重要的骨修复材料。因此,基于壳聚糖的可注射水凝胶能够均匀填充不规则骨缺损,当与其他聚合物或生物活性成分相结合后已被证明是自体骨移植物的有效替代品。本综述将重点介绍壳聚糖基可注射水凝胶的制备方法、理化性质及其在骨再生中的发展现状,总结骨组织工程面临的困难挑战和未来的研究发展方向,为研发新一代组织工程支架材料用于骨缺损修复的治疗提供新思路。

Millions of procedures involving bone grafts and bone substitutes are performed worldwide each year.Traditional bone repair strategies include autograft,allograft,and surgical reconstruction,but they can carry potential risks of donor site morbidity,rejection,risk of disease transmission,and repeated surgery.The need for bone grafts in clinical practice continues to grow due to the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma,cancer,infection and arthritis.Bone tissue engineering provides promising substitutes in biopharmaceutical applications.Chitosan has good biocompatibility,biodegradability,antibacterial,antioxidant,low toxicity and low cost,which is considered as an important bone repair material in the field of tissue regeneration.Thus,chitosan-based injectable hydrogels can uniformly fill irregular bone defects and have proven to be effective substitutes for autologous bone and dental implants when combined with other polymers or bioactive ingredients.This review focuses on the preparation,physicochemical properties and development status of chitosan-based injectable hydrogels in bone regeneration,and also summarizes the current challenges and future development direction of bone tissue engineering,which will provide a new idea for the development of a new generation of tissue engineering scaffold materials for the treatment of bone defect repair.