施用硫肥对盐碱地盐分、pH及麒麟西瓜产量、品质的影响

Effects of Sulfur Fertilization on Soil Salinity,pH,and the Yield and Quality of Kirin Watermelon in Saline-alkali Land

为探讨硫肥对盐碱地的改良效果,通过田间试验研究施用硫肥对盐碱地土壤盐分、pH及麒麟西瓜生长、产量、品质的影响。结果表明:与不施硫肥相比,施硫量150 kg·hm^(-2)处理土壤盐分降低了7.79%~30.73%,土壤pH降低了1.34%~4.29%。施用硫肥处理均增加了麒麟西瓜的主蔓长、茎直径、SPAD值和叶面积,其中施硫量150 kg·hm^(-2)处理效果显著,成熟期较不施硫肥处理分别高32.80%、15.84%、7.78%、32.78%。施硫处理使叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度有所提高,胞间CO_(2)浓度降低。施硫150 kg·hm^(-2)处理显著提高了麒麟西瓜可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比、维生素C和番茄红素含量。施硫量75、150 kg·hm^(-2)处理的西瓜产量分别为55.56、58.02 t·hm^(-2),较不施硫处理分别增产4.14%、6.32%。可见,施硫处理可以在一定范围内降低盐碱地土壤盐分和pH,促进麒麟西瓜生长,显著提高麒麟西瓜产量和品质。

To investigate the ameliorative effects of sulfur fertilization on saline-alkali land,a field experiment was conducted to study its impact on soil salinity,pH,and the growth,yield,and quality of Kirin watermelon.The results show that sulfur application at the rate of 150 kg·hm^(-2) reduced soil salinity by 7.79%to 30.73%and soil pH by 1.34%to 4.29%,compared to the untreated soil.Sulfur fertilization increased the main vine length,stem diameter,SPAD value and leaf area of Kirin watermelon,with the 150 kg·hm^(-2) treatment showing the most significant effects,which were 32.80%,15.84%,7.78%,and 32.78%higher at maturity than the non-fertilized treatment,respectively.Sulfur application also improved the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of the leaves,while decreasing the intercellular CO_(2) concentration.The treatment with150 kg·hm^(-2) of sulfur significantly enhanced the content of soluble solids,soluble sugars,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C and lycopene in Kirin watermelon.The yields of watermelon for the 75 kg·hm^(-2) and 150 kg·hm^(-2) sulfur treatments were 55.56 t·hm^(-2) and 58.02 t·hm^(-2),respectively,which increased by 4.14%and 6.32%over the control.It is evident that sulfur fertilization can reduce soil salinity and pH value in saline-alkali land within a certain range,and promote the growth of Kirin watermelon,significantly improving its yield and quality.