农药减量化能否提高农产品质量安全水平?——基于果蔬农药残留的实证分析

Can Reducing Pesticide Use Improve the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products?An Empirical Analysis Based on Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

对我国30个主要城市(不包括港澳台地区)2015年前后2个阶段农药使用量、市售果蔬农药残留检出率以及剧毒、高毒、禁用农药残留检出率数据进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)我国各主要城市农药使用量和农药残留指标均有明显改善,但仍有提升空间;(2)农药使用量与农药残留超标检出率以及剧毒、高毒、禁用农药残留检出率均呈显著正相关;(3)果蔬超标农药残留检出率与剧毒、高毒、禁用农药残留检出率呈显著正相关。因此,现阶段降低农药使用量是提高农产品质量安全水平的重要路径,政府应持续强化农药减量化监管政策。

An empirical analysis was conducted on the pesticide usage,the detection rate of pesticide residues in marketed fruits and vegetables,and the detection rate of highly toxic,highly poisonous,and banned pesticide residues in 30 major cities in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)in two phases around 2015.The results showed that 1)the indexes of pesticide usage and residues in major cities have significantly improved,but there is still room for improvement.2)The amount of pesticides used was significantly positively correlated with the detection rate of over-standard pesticide residues,as well as the detection rate of highly toxic,highly poisonous,and banned pesticides.3)The detection rate of over-standard pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables was significantly positively correlated with the detection rate of highly toxic,highly poisonous,and banned pesticides.Therefore,reducing pesticide use is an important way to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products at the current stage,and the government should continue to strengthen the regulatory policy on pesticide reduction.