2022年内江市市中区柑橘果实日灼情况调查及预防措施

Survey and Preventive Measures of Sunburn on Citrus Fruits in Shizhong District Neijiang City in 2022

2022年7—8月,四川省内江市市中区遭受严重的高温伏旱天气,全区近0.33万hm^(2)柑橘受高温和强光影响,发生严重的果实日灼病,果实产量和品质降低。调查分析市中区4个乡镇6个柑橘果园主栽品种春见、爱媛28号果实日灼病情况。结果表明:在露地栽培条件下,春见果实日灼发病率较低,为19.91%~37.54%,爱媛28号果实日灼发病率高,为75.92%~86.49%;与露地栽培相比,设施栽培下爱媛28号果实的日灼率显著降低。根据调整情况提出合理施肥、适时合理剪修、加强排灌、树冠喷水、果园覆盖、喷施药剂、果实遮阳等预防高温日灼发生的措施。

From July to August 2022,the Shizhong District of Neijiang City,Sichuan Province,experienced severe high-temperature and drought conditions,affecting nearly 0.33 million hectares of citrus orchards.The high temperatures and strong sunlight led to serious sunburn disease in citrus fruits,which resulted in reduced yield and quality.This study surveyed the incidence of sunburn on the main citrus varieties of Chunjian and Aiyuan 28,across four towns and six orchards in the Shizhong district.The results indicated that under the open field conditions,Chunjian had a lower incidence of sunburn,ranging from 19.91%to 37.54%,while Aiyuan 28 had a higher incidence,ranging from 75.92%to 86.49%.Compared to open field cultivation,the sunburn rate of Aiyuan 28 fruits was significantly reduced under protected cultivation.Based on the survey,several measures are proposed to prevent high-temperature sunburn,such as rational fertilization,timely and proper pruning,improved drainage and irrigation,water spraying over the canopy,orchard ground cover,application of sun-protective agents,and shading of fruits.