锆基陶瓷热障涂层的腐蚀研究进展

Research Progress on Corrosion of Zirconium Based Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings

近年来随着航空与航海工业的迅速发展,具有耐高温、长寿命、耐腐蚀等优势的发动机叶片成为开发新一代航空发动机和涡轮发动机的重要一环。热障涂层(TBCs)作为常用的热防护技术,一方面可为发动机叶片部分金属基底提供隔热保护,使其免受高温气体的影响;但另一方面,更高的发动机工作温度使得叶片及其表面TBCs遭受严重的环境沉积物腐蚀,造成过早失效,腐蚀类型主要有热腐蚀、CMAS腐蚀、熔盐腐蚀等。腐蚀已成为限制TBCs工作温度和服役寿命的难题,抗腐蚀防护是目前TBCs领域研究的重点。本文首先简述了以氧化钇稳定氧化锆陶瓷(YSZ)为主的热障涂层材料的主要特性,再简述了TBCs的不同腐蚀的反应机理,重点从涂层的微观结构设计、梯度涂层的设计、涂层成分改性及掺杂改性等方面与涂层腐蚀过程之间的影响关系出发,阐述了TBCs改性方法与涂层腐蚀的特点。提出未来涂层改进与防护的几种方法,最后对TBCs的腐蚀防护发展方向进行了展望。

In recent years,with the rapid development of aviation and marine industry,engine blades with the advantages of high temperature resistance,long life and corrosion resistance have become important parts of the development of a new generation of aero engines and turbine engines.Thermal barrier coating(TBCs)is a commonly used thermal protection technology to provide thermal insulation for the metal substrate of the engine blade part,protecting it from hot gases and corrosive media.But on the other hand,the higher operating temperature of the engine makes the blades and their surface TBCs suffer from serious environmental sediment corrosion,resulting in premature failure,and the corrosion types mainly include thermal corrosion,CMAS corrosion,molten salt corrosion,etc.Corrosion has become a problem that limits the operating temperature and service life of TBCs,and anti-corrosion protection is the focus of research in the field of TBCs.In this paper,the main characteristics of TBCs dominated by Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)are briefly described,and then the reaction mechanism of different corrosion of TBCs is briefly described,focusing on the influence relationship between coating microstructure design,gradient coating design,coating component modification and doping modification and coating corrosion,and the characteristics between TBCs modification method and coating corrosion are expounded.Several methods for future coating improvement and protection are proposed,and finally the application of TBCs in ultra-high temperature environment and the development direction of corrosion protection are prospected.