支撑新能源电力系统灵活性需求的用户侧资源应用与关键技术

User Side Resource Application and Key Technologies for Flexibility Demand of Renewable Energy Power System

伴随着传统电力系统向以新能源为主体的新型电力系统转型升级,高比例新能源的接入和传统机组占比下降导致电力系统灵活性产生缺额。电动汽车、数据中心、P2X(power-to-X)等需求侧资源可以在多时间尺度为电力系统提供灵活性,是新型电力系统灵活性的重要组成部分。该文首先描述高比例新能源背景下输电网和配电网在不同时间尺度的灵活性需求,然后对比总结了典型需求侧资源的调节特性与应用实践,研究了需求侧资源在支撑高比例新能源输电网和配电网中运行、规划2个层面多时间尺度灵活性需求的应用场景。最后针对未来需求侧资源的研究重点,从聚合技术、电碳协同优化调控策略、可信调节能力量化和通信与信息交换标准等角度,对支撑新型电力系统需求侧资源应用的关键技术进行了总结与展望。

With the transformation and upgrading of the traditional power system to the new power systems dominated by renewable energy,the increasing penetration of the renewable energy and the declining proportion of the traditional generating units have caused a shortage of flexibility in the power system.The demand-side resources such as electric vehicles,data centers,and P2X(power-to-X)provide the flexibility to the power system at multiple time scales,an important part of the flexibility of the new power system.First,the flexibility requirements of a bulk power system and the distribution networks at different time scales are described in the context of the high proportional renewable energy.Then,the regulation characteristics and application practices of the typical demand-side resources are compared and summarized,the application scenarios of the demand side resources are studied when supporting the operation and planning of multi-time scale flexibility requirements in the bulk power system and its distribution network with the high proportional renewable energy.Finally,taking the aggregation,the electrical carbon synergy,the quantification of the reliable regulation capability and the communication and information exchange standard as examples,the key technologies supporting the application of demand-side resources in the new power system are summarized and prospected according to the development focus of the demand-side resources in the future.