传统“人机关系”的马克思主义哲学审思

A Marxist Philosophical Review of the Traditional “Human-Machine Relationship”

在哲学史上,对“人机关系”的思考亘古有之。“传统人机关系”是指“手工工具”“近代机器”两个阶段的人机关系,可概括为“机械式”“有机式”“分离式”三种关系。“机械式”人机关系总体上固然具有唯物主义特点,但是却陷入了形而上学的思维怪圈。“有机式”的人机关系论述纷繁复杂,其中恩格斯的阐发最具科学性,克服了以往唯心主义与机械唯物主义的人机关系论述弊端。“分离式”的人机关系论述以马克思为代表,触及机器“异化”人的本质问题,体现了人与机器的残酷对立与非人性化分离。从马克思主义哲学视角对传统人机关系进行把握,有助于破除关于“人机关系”哲学理解上的思想“迷雾”,引导构建智能技术革命背景下和谐的新型“人机关系”。

In the history of philosophy,there has been a long history of thinking about the “human-machine relationship”.“Traditional human-machine relationship” refers to the two-stage human-machine relationship of “hand tools” and “modern machines”,which can be summarized as “mechanical”,“organic” and “separated” relationships.The “mechanical” human-machine relationship has the characteristics of materialism in general,but it is caught in a metaphysical thinking.The “organic” discussion on “human-machine relationship” is complicated,among which Engels' elucidation was the most scientific.He overcame the shortcomings of previous idealism and mechanical materialism in the discussion of “human-machine relationship”.The “separate” discussion on “human-machine relationship” was represented by Marx.He found the essential problem of “alienation” of human beings by machines,which reflected the cruel confrontation and dehumanization of humans and machines.Grasping the traditional human-machine relationship from the perspective of Marxist philosophy will help us break the ideological “fog” on the philosophical understanding of “human-machine relationship”,and guide the construction of a new harmonious “human-machine relationship” under the background of intelligent technology revolution.