能源危机政治漫画中蓄意隐喻的批评分析——以“健康与疾病”多模态隐喻场景为例

A Critical Analysis of Deliberate Metaphors in Political Cartoons on Energy Crisis:A Case Study of Health and Illness Multimodal Metaphor Scenarios

本文基于蓄意隐喻理论,构建批评隐喻场景分析框架,以能源危机漫画中的“健康与疾病”隐喻场景为例,考察多模态转喻、隐喻及叙事如何通过互动,建构危机中相关行为体的角色及相互关系,蓄意传达其社会交际功能。语料分析表明,该类漫画主要构建了三类蓄意隐喻场景:吸毒场景、治疗场景和伤亡场景,分别对应于危机话语修辞策略中的归因策略、应对策略和趋近化策略,讽刺批评欧盟在能源问题上的错误定位、荒唐应对和灾难后果。在认知机制上,该类漫画充分调动隐喻和转喻,借助场景中的角色关系、行为、后果等叙事要素,把危机置于个体生命框架进行反讽式建构,形象抨击危机相关行为体。但该类漫画仍囿于西方中心立场,对欧洲能源供应方相关国家进行妖魔化建构,体现了西方定势思维对隐喻选择和场景设置的操控。本文的批评蓄意隐喻分析,有助于进一步推动多模态认知研究与批评话语分析的融合,也可为新兴的能源话语研究提供一个新的研究视角。

Drawing on the deliberate metaphor theory,this study constructs a framework of critical metaphor scenario analysis,and takes the health and illness metaphors in political cartoons on the energy crisis for case analysis aiming at exploring how multimodal metonymy,metaphor and narrative dynamically interplay to represent conceptualizations about the crisis as well as the social actors involved,thereby deliberately conveying the social communicative purpose.The analysis reveals that three types of health and illness metaphor scenarios are recurrent:narcotic scenario,remedy scenario,and casualty scenario,respectively reflecting the strategy of attribution,reaction and proximization in terms of crisis rhetoric strategies,employed to satirize and criticize the EU's insipient positioning,ridiculous reaction and disastrous consequences.In terms of cognitive mechanism,metaphors,metonymies as well as narrative elements such as roles and their relationships,actions and consequences in the scenarios are combined to place the energy crisis,a complicated geopolitical economic phenomenon,within individual life domain,targeting the distorted energy political relationships and cruel political game.Rooted in Western-centrism,these political cartoons deliberately demonize Russia,the EU's dominant energy supplier,as the evil other,signifying the implicit manipulation of Western stereotypical way of thinking over the choice of metaphor and creation of the metaphorical scenarios.The present analysis,with elaborate illustration of the interaction among multimodal metonymies,deliberate metaphors,and narratives,contributes to multimodal cognitive integrated research and critical discourse analysis and provides a new perspective for the budding energy discourse study.