微流控芯片在眼科基础与临床研究中的应用进展

Application of microfluidic chip in basic and clinical ophthalmic research

微流控芯片是一门多学科交叉技术。其中,微流控器官芯片技术飞速发展通过在微米量级对细胞和微环境进行精确调控,模拟体内生理环境,克服传统动物模型和细胞培养技术的不足。在眼科领域,微流控器官芯片模型主要集中在仿生角膜、视网膜和眼后房等以进行干眼、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病视网膜病变等疾病模型的研究。另外,控芯片实现对泪液、眼内液标志物的连续监测和即时诊断已成为当下的研究热点。微流控芯片在药物分析、药物研发与筛选领域还具有广泛的应用前景。本文对近年来微流控芯片在眼科体外模型构建、即时检测和药物分析等应用方面的进展和不足进行总结,并对其未来的发展方向进行展望。

Microfluidic chip or lab-on-a-chip is a multidisciplinary cross-technology.Among them,organ-on-a-chip technology enables precise regulation of cells and microenvironment at micron level.This tecnology is expected to simulate in vivo human physiology and overcome the shortcomings of traditional animal models and cell culture techniques.In ophthalmology,organ-on-a-chip models are primarily focused on creating biomimetic models of the cornea,retina and posterior chamber to study diseases such as dry eye,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.In addition,continuous monitoring and real-time diagnosis of tear and intraocular fluid biomarkers using microfluidic chips have become a current research hot topic.The microfluidic chips also have a wide range of applications in drug analysis,drug development,and drug screening.This article reviews the recent progress and shortcomings of microfluidic chip in in vitro model construction,point-of-care testing and drug development,and discusses its future development in ophthalmology.