体外生命支持组织(ELSO):新生儿呼吸衰竭指南解读

Interpretation of"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO):guidelines for neonatal respiratory failure"

根据体外生命支持系统(ECLS)注册报告,体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)在新生儿严重呼吸衰竭支持的应用在全球于1992年达到顶峰。随着一氧化氮、肺表面活性物质的应用,以及高频通气等新型呼吸支持手段的出现,采用ECMO支持新生儿呼吸的病例数量逐渐减少,维持在约1000例/年。但这意味着需要ECMO支持的新生儿病情将会更重,对临床医师的要求更高。为了进一步规范新生儿体外生命支持技术,体外生命支持组织在2020年发布了新生儿呼吸衰竭的指南。指南对ECMO期间的技术、患儿管理及并发症处理等提出了建议,本文主要从患儿选择、支持模式、技术考虑、ECMO期间的管理及并发症处理等方面进行解读。

According to the extracorporeal life support(ECLS)registry report,the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in neonates with severe respiratory failure reached its peak in 1992.With the emergence of new respiratory support methods such as nitric oxide,pulmonary surfactant,and high-frequency ventilation,the number of neonates with ECMO for respiratory support decreased gradually,maintaining at about 1000 cases per year.However,it also means that the neonates who need ECMO support will be in a more severe condition,which requires higher requirements for clinicians.In order to further standardize the technique of neonatal extracorporeal life support,the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO)published the guidelines for neonatal respiratory failure in 2020.The guidelines provide suggestions on the technology,patient management and complications during ECMO.This article mainly interprets the patient selection,support mode,technical considerations,management and complications during ECMO.