女大学生的积极心理品质现状及对心理健康影响

Current Situation of Positive Psychological Quality and Its Influence on the Mental Health of Female College Students

女性内心细腻敏感,在心理问题上具有较高的易感性,而女性独特的特质又为她们发展积极心理品质提供了重要基础。本文旨在探讨女大学生的积极心理品质对心理健康的影响,采用中文版品格优势与美德量表和90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)对1326名女大学生进行调查。研究结果发现:(1)女大学生的积极心理品质整体表现良好,其中人道品质得分最高,勇气品质得分最低。(2)积极心理品质的各维度和SCL-90的各因子间存在明显的负向关系。(3)勇气品质显著负向预测女大学生的心理健康整体状况,并对强迫症状因子、人际关系敏感因子和抑郁因子的预测能力远远高于其他的各项积极心理品质;人道品质显著负向预测焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性等四项症状因子,其预测能力显著高于其他各项品质;超越品质对躯体化和恐怖因子的预测能力远高于其他品质。这揭示了积极心理品质对女大学生的心理健康有着重要影响,其中,勇气、人道和超越品质对女大学生的心理健康影响最为显著,说明可以通过激发特定的积极心理品质,进而有针对性地提升女大学生的心理健康水平。

Women are delicate and sensitive in mind and have a high susceptibility to psychological problems.However,the unique characteristics of women provide an important basis for them to develop positive psychological qualities.Therefore,this study aims to explore the influence of positive psychological qualities on mental health of female college students.1326 female college students were investigated by the Chinese Character Strengths Questionnaire(CCSQ)and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).The findings indicated that:(1)The overall positive psychological quality of female college students was better,the humanness quality develops best,and the courage quality scores were lowest.(2)There was a significant negative correlation between the dimensions of positive psychological quality and the factors of SCL-90.(3)The courage quality negatively predicted the overall mental health of female college students,and the ability of courage quality to predict obsessive compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity factors and depression factors was much higher than other positive psychological qualities.The humaneness negatively predicted anxiety,hostility,paranoia and psychosis,and its predictive ability was significantly higher than other positive psychological qualities.The transcendental qualities predicted somatization and terror much more than other qualities.This reveals that positive psychological qualities have an important impact on the mental health of female college students,among which courage,humanity and transcendence qualities have the most significant impact on the mental health of female college students,indicating that the mental health level of female college students can be improved by stimulating specific positive psychological qualities.