摘要
Described as early as the 1950s(1),cholangioscopy has evolved from a burdensome intra-operative maneuver performed during open surgery,to a minimally-invasive,widely-available tool that can be utilized on demand during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).The advent of the latest generation digital cholangioscopes with improved image quality,maneuverability,and the ability to pass tools through a dedicated instrument channel has revolutionized the modern approach to a wide variety of biliary disorders(2).
