海上丝绸之路贸易中的文化交流和文明互鉴——承载于长沙窑陶瓷器具中的文化记忆

Cultural Communication and Mutual Learning Among Civilizations in the Trade of the Maritime Silk Road:Cultural Memory in the Ceramic Wares of Changsha Kiln

海上丝绸之路最早可追溯到秦汉时期,是人们探索海洋并通过航海开展东西方贸易和文化交流的海上通道。长沙窑地处长江中部地区,是唐代主要生产外销陶瓷的民窑,在海上丝绸之路沿线地区的广泛考古发现,长沙窑陶瓷在深厚的楚文化、中原文化底蕴中融入了浓郁的古代阿拉伯、波斯文化风格,将蕴含在不同文化中的文字、传说、图腾、仪式歌舞等进行编码,是将其固定于陶瓷载体中的一个历时性的文化符号,表明了海洋贸易带来的不仅仅是物品交易,更有深层的文化和技术交流,提示了海上丝绸之路不但是贸易通道,同时也构建了一条丰富的文化交流通道,长沙窑为这一交流通道提供了一个重要的研究样本。

The Maritime Silk Road can be traced back to the Qin and Han dynasties,and was a maritime route for people to explore the ocean and engage in trade and cultural exchange between the East and the West through navigation.The Changsha kiln,located in the central Yangtze River region,was a folk kiln that mainly produced ceramics for export during the Tang Dynasty.Extensive archaeological discoveries along the Maritime Silk Road have shown that Changsha Kiln ceramics have integrated abundant ancient Arab and Persian cultural styles into the profound Chu and Central Plains cultures.They encode texts,legends,totems,ritual songs and dances embedded in different cultures,and fix them as a historical cultural symbol in the ceramic carrier;maritime trade not only brings about goods trading,but also deep-rooted cultural and technological exchanges,indicating that the Maritime Silk Road is not only a trade route,but also a rich cultural exchange route,and the Changsha kiln provides an important sample for the study of this exchange route.