“三孩”政策背景下婴幼儿家庭养育压力的影响因素探究

Exploration of the Parenting Stress and Influencing Factors of Infants and Young Children in Families Against the Background of the Three-child Policy

为了解“三孩”政策背景下0~6岁婴幼儿家庭养育压力的现状及其影响因素,采用基本信息问卷、简式养育压力量表(PSI-SF)对我国东、中、西部六省3982个婴幼儿家庭所面临的养育压力展开调查,并从个体家庭因素、经济因素和社会区域因素三个方面分析0~6岁婴幼儿家庭养育压力产生的原因。结果显示,在0~6岁婴幼儿家庭中,近五成家庭养育压力超出正常范围,且从养育压力的各个维度来看,育儿愁苦得分高于困难儿童得分高于亲子互动失调得分;家庭结构、社会经济地位以及城乡地区对0~6岁婴幼儿家庭的养育压力有显著影响。基于此,建议关注父亲的养育压力,政府社区家庭合作共育;明确家庭压力来源,缓解家庭养育压力;加大政府投入,降低家庭养育成本;完善社会服务支持,提高家庭养育知识与技能。

In order to understand the current situation and influencing factors of parenting stress in families with infants and young children aged 0 to 6 under the background of the three-child policy,a survey was conducted on 3,982 families of infants and young children in six provinces of eastern,central,and western China using the Basic Information Questionnaire and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF).The reasons for parenting stress in families with infants and young children aged 0 to 6 were analyzed from three aspects:individual family factors,economic factors,and social regional factors.The results show that in families with infants and young children aged 0 to 6,nearly 50%of families experience parenting stress that exceeds the normal range.From various dimensions of parenting stress,scores of parenting distress are higher than those of difficult children,those of parent-child interaction disorders.Family structure,socio-economic status,and urban-or-rural areas have a significant impact on the parenting stress of families with infants and young children aged 0 to 6.Accordingly,it is recommended to attach importance to the parenting stress of fathers and cooperate with the government,community,and family for co-parenting,clarify the sources of family stress and alleviate parenting stress,increase government investment and reduce the cost of family parenting,and improve social service support and enhance family parenting knowledge and skills.