父母教养方式对幼儿社交焦虑发展的影响:情绪社会化的中介作用

The Influence of Parenting Style on the Development of Young Children’s Social Anxiety:The Mediating Role of Emotional Socialization

为探讨父母教养方式与幼儿社交焦虑关系及其中的影响机制——幼儿情绪社会化的中介作用,采用父母教养方式量表、社交恐惧量表及3~6岁幼儿情绪社会化量表对296名幼儿父母进行问卷调查。结果显示:幼儿社交焦虑在父母学历上差异显著;在父母教养方式各维度中,溺爱性、不一致性维度在父母角色上差异显著,专制性维度在父母学历上差异显著。父母教养方式中民主性维度与幼儿社交焦虑呈负相关,与情绪社会化呈正相关;溺爱性、专制性、不一致性、放任性维度与幼儿社交焦虑皆呈正相关,与情绪社会化皆呈负相关;情绪社会化和幼儿社交焦虑呈负相关。情绪社会化在父母教养方式与幼儿社交焦虑之间起部分中介作用。基于上述分析,可以得出以下结论:父母教养方式与幼儿社交焦虑具有密切关联,情绪社会化在该关联中起重要作用;积极的教养方式有助于幼儿情绪社会化发展,降低幼儿社交焦虑可能,而消极的教养方式则会增加幼儿社交焦虑风险。

In order to explore the relationship between parenting style and young children’s social anxiety and its influence mechanism,that is,the mediating role of young children’s emotional socialization,296 parents were surveyed with Parenting Style Scale,Social Anxiety Scale and Emotional Socialization Scale of Children Aged 3 to 6.The results show that children’s social anxiety is significantly different in parents’educational background.In all dimensions of parenting style,doting and inconsistency have significant differences in parental roles,and autocracy in parents’educational background.In parenting style,democratic dimension is negatively correlated with young children’s social anxiety but positively correlated with emotional socialization.Doting,autocracy,inconsistency,capricious dimension are positively correlated with young children’s social anxiety,but negatively correlated with emotional socialization.Emotional socialization and young children’s social anxiety are negatively correlated.Emotional socialization plays a partial mediating role between parenting style and young children’s social anxiety.Based on the above analysis,the following conclusions can be drawn:parenting style is closely related to young children’s social anxiety,and emotional socialization plays an important role in the connection;positive parenting style can help children develop emotional socialization and reduce the possibility of social anxiety,while negative parenting style will increase the risk of social anxiety.