新疆高校新生身体形态指标和血压的特征及关联性研究

Characteristics and correlation study of body shape indicators and blood pressure of college freshmen in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆高校新生身体形态指标与血压的特征及差异性,分析其关联性,为新疆高校新生高血压防治和干预提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样对新疆4所高校的1853名18~21岁大学新生进行身体形态、腰围、臀围、血压等指标测量,根据受试者血压分为正常血压组和血压偏高组,分析不同性别、民族、年龄段新生血压的差异;统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验、Pearson相关性分析、Logistic回归分析及受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析。结果女生的体脂率(percent body fat,PBF)和体脂量高于男生[(24±8)%与(18±7)%,t=-17.95,P<0.01);(18±7)kg与(14±7)kg,t=-4.27,P<0.01],其他指标均低于男生;除体脂率外,汉族学生的身体形态指标均高于少数民族(P值均<0.01)。男生的血压偏高检出率高于女生[51.5%(538/1044)与42.4%(343/809),χ^(2)=15.250,P<0.01];汉族血压偏高检出率高于少数民族[59.4%(372/626)与41.5%(509/1227),χ^(2)=53.503,P<0.01];18~19岁新生的血压偏高检出率高于20~21岁[(51.4%(348/677)与45.3%(533/1176),χ^(2)=6.369,P<0.05)]。不同性别血压偏高组的身体形态指标均>正常血压组;大学新生收缩压与舒张压与身体形态呈现不同程度的相关性,多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,男生的身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、PBF、体脂量、内脏脂肪等级(visceral fat level,VFL)、腰臀比(waist to hip ratio,WHR)和女生的体质量、BMI、体脂量、VFL超标以及女生体表面积(body surface area,BSA)下降都会增加血压偏高的风险;不同身体形态指标对血压偏高的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)均>0.5,且男生的每项指标AUC均大于女生,其中男生身体形态中有多项指标与血压偏高的AUC>0.65。结论身体形态指标对男生血压偏高的诊断意义大于女生,尤其是PBF指标,全身性肥胖,特别是皮下脂肪肥胖与血压的相关性较高。

Objective To understand the characteristics and differences of body composition and blood pressure among college freshmen in Xinjiang,analyze the correlation and provide reference basis for prevention and intervention of hypertension among college freshmen in Xinjiang.Method Body shape,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,and other indicators were measured by random sampling from1853 college freshmen aged 18-21 from four universities in Xinjiang.According to the blood pressure of the subjects,they were divided into normal blood pressure group and elevated blood pressure group,and the differences of blood pressure in different gender,ethnicity and age groups were analyzed.The statistical methods performed byχ^(2) test,Pearson correlation analysis,Logistic regression analysis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Result The percent body fat(PBF)and body fat mass of famale students were higher than those of male students[(24±8)%vs(18±7)%,t=-17.95,P<0.01);(18±7)kg vs(14±7)kg,t=-4.27,P<0.01)].Other indicators were lower than those of male students;Except for the body fat rate,the body composition indicators of the Han nationality were higher than those of the minority nationalities(all P<0.01).The detection rate of high blood pressure in male students was higher than that in famale students[51.5%(538/1044)vs 42.4%(343/809),χ^(2)=15.250,P<0.01];the detection rate of high blood pressure in Han nationality was higher than that in minority nationality[(59.4%(372/626)vs 41.5%(509/1227),χ^(2)=53.503,P<0.01)];The detection rate of high blood pressure among 18 to 19 year olds was higher than that among 20-21 year olds[51.4%(348/677)vs 45.3%(533/1176),χ^(2)=6.369,P<0.05].The body composition indicators of the high blood pressure group in different gender were higher than those in the normal group;freshmen systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure have varying degrees of correlation with body composition.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index(BMI),PBF,body fat mass,visceral fat level(VFL),waist to hip ratio(WHR),and excessive body mass,BMI,body fat mass,VFL in female students,and decreased body surface area(BSA)in female students all increased the risk of high blood pressure;The area under the curve(AUC)different body composition indicators for high blood pressure was greater than 0.5,and AUC of each indicator in male students was greater than that in female students.Among them,the AUC of multiple indicators in male body shape were greater than 0.65 for high blood pressure.Conclusion The diagnostic significance of body composition indicators for high blood pressure in male is greater than that in female,especially PBF indicators.Systemic obesity,especially subcutaneous adiposity,has a high correlation with blood pressure.