气道廓清术在儿童肺不张中的应用

Applications of airway clearance therapy in pediatric atelectasis

肺不张是指多种原因引起的肺组织萎缩或无气,肺容积减少,影响患儿正常呼吸功能。气道分泌物的堵塞所引起的肺不张在儿童中常见,药物治疗效果差。气道廓清术是通过引流、震动等方法促进气道内分泌物排出的一种治疗方法,具有增强气道清除能力、改善气体交换、缓解呼吸困难等效果,是肺不张的一种行之有效的康复治疗手段。现阶段气道廓清术日趋成熟,在重症儿科呼吸管理中应用较多,本文基于国内外研究进展,对儿童气道廓清术进行系统性总结,以提高对儿童气道廓清术重要性的认识,为肺不张患儿的康复治疗提供新的思路。

Atelectasis refers to the atrophy of lung tissue or the reduction of gas volume in the lung,caused by various factors,resulting in decreased lung volume.This adverse health condition affects normal respiratory function,and atelectasis caused by airway secretion blockage is a common issue in children.Drug treatments for this condition has limited effectiveness.Airway clearance therapy facilitates the drainage and vibration of airway secretions,thereby enhancing the clearance of these secretions.These techniques could enhance the airway's ability to clear secretions,improve gas exchange,and alleviate dyspnea.Therefore,they have been regarded as an effective rehabilitation method for treating atelectasis.Nowadays,airway clearance therapy is becoming increasingly mature and is widely used in the management of severe pediatric respiratory diseases.This article systematically summarizes the latest research progress in airway clearance therapies for children,based on both domestic and international research,to enhance the understanding of airway clearance therapies for children and provide ideas and references for the rehabilitation treatments of children with atelectasis.