密度和行距配置对榆林市春玉米农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Density and Row Spacing on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Spring Maize in Yulin City

为研究不同密度和行距配置对榆林地区春玉米农艺性状和产量的影响,以陕单650、大丰30为供试品种,设置2行1带40 cm+80 cm(A)、3行1带40 cm+40 cm+120 cm(B)、3行1带60 cm+60 cm+120 cm(C)、4行1带40 cm+40 cm+40 cm+120 cm(D)、4行1带60 cm+60 cm+60 cm+120 cm(E)宽窄行和对照60 cm等行距(F,CK)6个行距配置模式,设置67500、90000株/hm^(2)2个种植密度,采用3因素裂区试验设计,种植模式为主区,品种和密度为副区,探究不同行距配置下玉米农艺性状及产量的差异。结果表明:同一品种,玉米株高和穗位高均随着密度的增大而增加,茎粗则随着密度的增加而降低;不同行距配置中3行1带(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm)处理的株高、穗位高明显高于其他行距配置水平,茎粗则相反。玉米籽粒产量随着密度的增加均有所增加。同一品种相同种植模式下,90000株/hm^(2)明显比67500株/hm^(2)产量要高。穗粗、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重均随着种植密度的增加而降低,秃尖长则随着密度的增加而增加。陕单650的最高产量种植方式为:90000株/hm^(2)密度下3行一带(40 cm+40 cm+120 cm)行距配置模式,产量为18504.15 kg/hm^(2);其次为90000株/hm^(2)密度下的3行1带(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm)行距配置水平,产量为17768.55 kg/hm^(2);大丰30的最高产量种植方式为90000株/hm^(2)密度下的3行1带(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm)行距配置水平,产量为19421.40 kg/hm^(2)。

In order to study the effects of different density and row spacing on agronomic traits and yield of spring maize in this area,Shaandan 650 and Dafeng 30 were used as test varieties.Set up 2 lines 1 belt 40 cm+80 cm(A),3 lines 1 belt 40 cm+40 cm+120 cm(B),3 lines 1 belt 60 cm+60 cm+120 cm(C),4 lines 1 belt 40 cm+40 cm+40 cm plus 120c m(D),4 lines 1 with 60 cm+60 cm+60 cm plus 120 cm wide-narrow row and control 60 cm equal row spacing(F)6 row spacing configuration mode,two planting densities of 67500 and 90000 plants/hm^(2)are set.The experimental design of the split plot of three factors was adopted,with the planting mode as the main area and the variety and density as the secondary zone,to explore the differences in agronomic traits and yield of maize under different row spacing configurations.The results showed that for the same variety,the plant height and ear height increased with the increase of density,while the stem diameter decreased with the increase of density.The plant height and ear height of the treatment of 3 rows and 1 belt(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm)were significantly higher than those of the other row spacings,the stem diameter is the opposite.Maize grain yield increased with the increase of density.The yield of 6000 plants/hm^(2)was obviously higher than that of 67500 plants/hm^(2)under the same planting pattern of the same variety.Ear diameter,ear length,row number per ear,grain number per row and 100-grain weight decreased with the increase of planting density,while bald tip length increased with the increase of planting density.The highest yield planting mode of Shaandan 650 is as follows:Under the density of 90000 plants/hm^(2),the yield was 18504.15 kg/hm^(2)with 3 rows and one row spacing(40 cm+40 cm+120 cm);the second is 3 rows and 1 strip(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm)row spacing under the density of 90000 plants/hm^(2),the yield is 17768.55 kg/hm^(2);the highest yield of Dafeng 30 was 19421.40 kg/hm^(2)under the planting density of 90000 plants/hm^(2)with 3 rows and 1 belt(60 cm+60 cm+120 cm).