2018-2022年章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Analysis of Prevalence Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis B in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2022

目的了解章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎的流行病学特征,比较2018—2022年章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎的发病情况,为提出针对性乙型病毒性肝炎防治措施提供依据。方法选取2018—2022年共计4441例章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎患者的临床资料,借助描述性流行病学方法,统计乙型病毒性肝炎发病情况,并进行流行病学特征分析。结果2018—2022年章丘区乙肝病毒性肝炎总计报告4441例发病,年均发病率为82.29/10万,各年度比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.926,P<0.001);2018—2022年章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎在全年均有发病,根据各月份发病情况,未呈现出季节性分布;2018—2022年章丘区农村地区发病率高于城镇地区,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=72.398,P<0.001);2018—2022年章丘区不同年龄男性乙型病毒性肝炎发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=601.910,P<0.001),发病率随年龄的增加逐渐升高,低年龄组发病率最低,>40~50年龄组发病率最高;有疫苗接种史人群发病率低于无疫苗接种史人群,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=70.927,P<0.001)。结论章丘区乙型病毒性肝炎发病风险较高,应加强适龄儿童乙肝疫苗的接种,加强门诊疫苗接种体系建设,每月定期查漏补种,针对中老年人群体积极健康宣传。

Objective To understand the prevalence characteristics of viral hepatitis B in Zhangqiu District,compare the incidence of viral hepatitis B in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2022,and provide a basis for proposing targeted viral hepatitis B prevention and control measures.Methods The clinical data of 4441 patients with viral hepatitis B in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2022 were selected,and the incidence of viral hepatitis B was counted and epidemiologically characterized with the help of descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 4441 cases of hepatitis B viral hepatitis incidence were reported in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2022,with an average annual incidence rate of 82.29/100000,and the difference was statistically significant in the comparison between years(χ^(2)=26.926,P<0.001).From 2018 to 2022,the viral hepatitis B in Zhangqiu District had incidence throughout the year,and did not show seasonal distribution according to the incidence in each month.From 2018 to 2022,the incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=72.398,P<0.001).From 2018 to 2022,the incidence of viral hepatitis B in males at different ages was higher than that in females,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=601.910,P<0.001).The incidence gradually increased with the increase of age,with the lowest incidence in the low age group and the highest incidence in the>40-50 age group.The incidence in the group with a history of vaccination was lower than that in the group without a history of vaccination,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=70.927,P<0.001).Conclusion Zhangqiu district has a high risk of viral hepatitis B,should strengthen the vaccination of hepatitis B for school-age children,strengthen the construction of outpatient vaccination system,regular monthly checking for omissions and make up for the vaccination,and target the middle-aged and elderly groups for active health promotion.