季铵盐类抑菌剂在药物制剂中的应用进展

Application progress of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical preparations

季铵盐类抑菌剂是一类具有广谱抗菌活性的阳离子抑菌剂,主要包括苯扎氯铵、苯扎溴铵、聚季铵盐-1、苄索氯铵和西曲溴铵等,被广泛作为药物制剂中的抑菌剂或药品生产及医疗环境控制的消毒剂使用。本文对常用的季铵盐类抑菌剂在药物制剂中的使用剂量、应用范围、抑菌性能和安全性等进行综述,以期对该类抑菌剂的性质有更全面的了解,为药物制剂中合理选用季铵盐类抑菌剂提供参考。

Quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents belong to a class of cationic biocides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity,including benzalkonium chloride,benzododecinium bromide,polyquaternium-1,benzethonium chloride,cetrimide,etc.They are widely used as bacteriostatic agents in pharmaceutical preparations or as disinfectants for drug production and medical environmental control.In this paper,the dosage,application range,bacteriostatic ability,and safety of commonly used quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical preparations were summarized in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the properties of these bacteriostatic agents and to provide a reference for rational selection of quaternary ammonium bacteriostatic agents in pharmaceutical preparations.