Two-dimensional layered nanomaterials fortumor diagnosis and treatment

With the evolution of nanomedicine,the past decades witnessed diversified nanomaterials as marvelous antitumor tools ushering in a new era of tumor diagnosis and treatment.Among them,two-dimensional layered nano-material as an emerging class of nanomaterials has one dimension less than 100 nm,showing a high specific area and the thinnest sheet-like structure(Liu S,Pan X,Liu H.Twodimensional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy.Angew Chem Int Ed 2020;59:5890–900).The discovery of graphene drove the exploration of various new two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and treatment including graphene-based nanomaterials,black phosphorus(BP),transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),layered double hydroxides(LDHs),and bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=F,Cl,Br,I)(Ma H,Xue MQ.Recent advances in the photothermal applications of two-dimensional nanomaterial:photothermal therapy and beyond.J Mater Chem 2021;9:17569).On the one hand,they exhibit strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and the capacity of optimizing corresponding properties by adjusting the crystal structure.On the other hand,they own unique strengths such as fantastic physicochemical properties(graphene-based nanomaterials),high loading capacity(BP),distinct phase-dependent optical properties(TMDs),a specific chemical response to the tumor microenvironment(LDHs),and large X-ray attenuation coefficient(BiOX).Herein,we briefly introduce three typical two-dimensional layered nanomaterials,their prospects and future research priorities in tumor diagnosis and treatment are concluded.