中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率和投入产出结构分析

Analysis of Conversion Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Achievements and Input-Output Structure in China's High-tech Industries

为进一步探究我国高技术产业中各个行业科技成果转化效率及其投入产出结构,利用2009—2021年的面板数据,采用超效率SBM模型对中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率进行研究,分析中国高技术产业15个行业的科技成果转化综合效率和投入冗余、产出不足,为高技术产业及其行业调整优化投入产出结构、提升科技成果转化效率提供基础。研究发现,中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率呈现出先下降再波动上升的趋势,各行业均呈现波动上升的良好发展趋势,但整体水平不高,行业间差距较大;行业间R&D活动人员、技术改造经费和科技活动经费中的政府资金投入冗余,新产品销售收入产出不足问题突出。基于上述结论提出根据行业特点,先转换再精减冗余人员、重视科研人员再教育、调整资金分配结构、转变政府干预方式、建立健全多渠道合作机制、注重市场需求导向促进理论成果市场化等建议,以进一步提升高技术产业科技成果转化效率。

To explore the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements and input-output structure in China's high-tech industry,the study uses panel data from 2009 to 2021 and the super-efficiency SBM model to analyse the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements and the input redundancy and output shortage in 15 sectors of China's high-tech industry.This analysis provides a foundation for high-tech industries to adjust and optimize the input-output structure and improve the conversion efficiency.The research indicates that the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in China's high-tech industry has shown a downward trend followed by fluctuation upward trend.All industries have shown a fluctuating rise in development,but the overall level is not high,and there is a significant gap between industries.The input redundancy of R&D activities personnel,technological transformation funds,government funds in the funding of scientific and technological activities and the output shortage of new product sales revenue is highlight the problem.Based on the above conclusions,it is suggested to reduce redundant personnel,focus on re-educating scientific researchers,adjust the fund allocation structure,change the mode of government intervention,establish and improve the multi-channel cooperation mechanisms,and promote the marketization of theoretical achievements with attention to market demand,so as to improve conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in high-tech industries.