生鲜农产品电商交易损耗构成分析——基于对莱阳市梨乡梨源果蔬农民专业合作社的调研与剖析

Loss Composition of Fresh Agricultural Products E-commerce Transactions Based on Research and Analysis of Pear Country Pear Source Fruit and Vegetable Farmers'Cooperative in Laiyang City

近年来,生鲜农产品电商发展迅猛,通过电商助力生鲜农产品销售增长成为乡村产业振兴和增加农民收入的重要方式。但生鲜农产品较高的损耗率一直是发展电商销售模式的严重制约因素,以山东省莱阳市梨乡梨源果蔬农民专业合作社为例,对其在电商交易过程中损耗形成状况与原因进行实地调研。通过统计分析,梳理了莱阳梨损耗产生环节及原因,并对调研数据在各环节损耗率之间进行横向比较,测算了各环节损耗所占比例。分析表明,电商交易中农产品损耗主要出现在采收环节、分选环节、仓储环节和配送环节,其中仓储环节和采收环节损耗所占比例较大。因此,生鲜农产品的采后管理应进一步加强标准化和信息化建设,通过不同措施降低生鲜产品采收、存贮及配送过程的损耗率。

In recent years,fresh agricultural products e-commerce has developed rapidly,and growth of fresh agricultural products sales through e-commerce has become an important way to revitalize rural industries and increase farmers'income.However,high loss rate of fresh agricultural products has been a serious constraint to development of e-commerce sales model.Taking Pear Country Pear Source Fruit and Vegetable Farmers'Cooperative in Laiyang City of Shandong Province as an example,field research on status and causes of its loss formation in process of e-commerce transactions was conducted.Through statistical analysis,processes and reasons for loss of Laiyang pear were sorted out,and research data was horizontally compared between loss rates of each process,calculating proportion of losses in each process.Analysis showed that agricultural product losses in e-commerce transactions mainly occured in harvesting,sorting,warehousing,and distribution stages,with warehousing and harvesting stages accounting for a larger proportion of losses.Therefore,post harvest management of fresh agricultural products should further strengthen standardization and information construction,and reduce loss rate of harvesting,storage,and distribution process of fresh products through different measures.