基于多层利益共享的虚拟电厂参与电碳市场分布鲁棒优化模型

Distributionally robust optimization model for virtual power plant participation in electricity carbon market based on multi-layer benefit sharing

风电和光伏的高渗透率增加了新型电力系统对灵活性资源需求.虚拟电厂作为一个特殊电厂聚合了可控分布式电源、新能源、储能、碳处理、负荷等各类资源,“对内协同”可以实现内部资源协同调控,“对外统一”可以参与外部电碳市场获利.基于此,本文创新地提出了虚拟电厂参与电碳多类市场分布鲁棒优化模型.为了刻画风电和光伏的不确定性,构造了基于Wasserstein距离的分布模糊集和基于数据驱动的误差不确定集.为了兼顾经济性和鲁棒性,考虑内部运行成本以及外部参与多类市场收益,构建了最坏分布下期望收益最大的两阶段鲁棒优化模型,并提出模型求解方法.为了保证联盟动态平衡,提出了多层利益分配方法.最后,算例分析表明:在“对内协同,对外统一”的经营模式下,有效激发虚拟电厂内各类资源的潜力,参与多个市场后获取共享利益,实现了多方互利共赢.所提模型具有数据驱动、快速求解、灵活可控、经济实用等优越性.多层利益分配方法能够简便、有效地将共享效益传导至各主体.

The high penetration of wind and PV increases the demand for flexible resources in new power systems.As a special power plant,virtual power plant integrates all kinds of resources such as controllable distributed power supply,new energy,energy storage,carbon treatment and load.“Internal collaboration”can realize collaborative regulation of internal resources,and“external unity”can participate in the external electric carbon market for profit.Based on this,this paper innovatively proposes a distributionally robust optimization model for virtual power plants to participate in multi-class electric carbon markets.In order to describe the uncertainty of wind power and PV,the distributed fuzzy set based on Wasserstein distance and the error uncertainty set based on data-driven are constructed.In order to consider both economy and robustness,a two-stage robust optimization model with maximum expected revenue under the worst-case distribution is constructed by considering the internal operating costs and the benefits of external participation in multi-category markets,and the solution method of the model is proposed.In order to ensure the dynamic balance of the alliance,a multi-layer benefit sharing method is proposed.Finally,the example analysis shows that under the operation mode of“internal coordination and external unification”,the potential of various resources in the virtual power plant is effectively stimulated,and the shared benefits are obtained after participating in multiple markets,and the mutual benefit and win-win situation of various parties is realized.The proposed model has the advantages of data-driven,fast solution,flexible and controllable,economical and practical.The multi-layer benefit sharing method can transmit the shared benefit to each subject simply and effectively.