科学革命时代列宁《唯物主义和经验批判主义》的认识论思想及其理论价值

The Epistemological Thought and Theoretical Value of Lenin's Materialism&Empirio-Criticism in the Age of Scientific Revolution

《唯物主义和经验批判主义》是列宁驳斥经验批判主义对马克思主义的歪曲的论战性著作.他深刻把握到了经验批判主义与现代自然科学的联系,在哲学层面对所谓的"物质消失论"进行了唯物主义的批判分析.基于此,列宁进一步揭露经验批判主义对贝克莱、休谟等的理论传承关系,认为其思想实质是否认物质的客观性的唯心主义.与之不同,列宁强调马克思主义哲学的"实践转向"既实现了本体论与认识论、反映论与实践观、唯物论与辩证法等的有机统一,又克服了近代唯心主义认识论的主客二元对立的局限性.更重要的是,列宁洞察到了哲学上认识论的斗争是阶级斗争的思想表现,在坚持哲学的党性原则中揭露了经验批判主义的"中立论"的反动本质.总之,列宁在《唯物主义和经验批判主义》中通过总结革命斗争经验和自然科学新成就,捍卫和发展了马克思的科学世界观,对宣传马克思主义、对20世纪无产阶级革命运动的发展等都作出了卓越贡献.

Materialism&Empirio-Criticism is Lenin's polemical work refuting the distortion of empirical crit-icism to Marxism.He deeply grasped the connection between empirical criticism and modern natural science and made a critical analysis of materialism on the philosophical level of the so-called"theory of material annihilation".Based on this,Lenin further revealed the theoretical inheritance relationship of empirical criticism to Berkeley and Hume,and held that the essence of its thought was idealism that denied the objectivity of material.In contrast,Lenin emphasized the"practical turn"of Marxist philosophy,which not only realized the organic unity of ontology and epistemology,reflection theory and practice view,materialism and dialectics,but also overcame the limitation of the subject-object binary opposition of modem idealist epistemology.More importantly,Lenin had an insight into the philosophical epistemological struggle as the ideological manifestation of class struggle,and exposed the reactionary nature of the"neutrality"of empirical criticism in adhering to the philosophical principle of party spirit.In short,Lenin defended and developed Marx's scientific worldview by summarizing the experience of revolutionary struggle and the new achievements of natural science in"Materialism&Empirio-Criticism",and made outstanding contributions to the propaganda of Marxism and the development of proletarian revolutionary movement in the 20th century.