中国糯小麦品种的主要农艺性状和品质性状分析

Analysis of Main Agronomic and Quality Traits of Waxy Wheat Varieties in China

为明确中国生产上糯小麦品种的主要性状及其演化规律,以2005-2022年已经审定的44个糯小麦品种为材料,对其主要农艺性状和品质性状进行了分析评价。结果表明:(1)春性品种和冬性品种的生育期变异系数分别为19.75%和4.03%,其余四个被测性状变异系数从大到小依次为产量、穗粒数、千粒重、株高,产量的变异系数均大于20%。(2)春性品种和冬性品种4个品质性状的变异系数均表现为湿面筋含量>粗蛋白含量>容重>支链淀粉含量,除紫糯麦1号外,其余糯小麦品种的支链淀粉含量均≥97%。(3)通过聚类分析,将44个糯小麦品种分为3大类,Ⅰ类包含28个品种,占总数的64%,产量和品质中等;Ⅱ类包含11个品种,占总数的25%,具有较高产量和品质;Ⅲ类含5个品种,占总数的11%,产量和品质偏低。

To clarify the main character evolution patterns of waxy wheat varieties produced in China,the main agronomic and quality traits of 44 waxy wheat varieties approved from 2005 to 2022 were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that:the coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits is 19.75%for spring and 4.03%for winter varieties.The coefficient of variation of the other four traits,from highest to lowest,is yield,grain number per ear,thousand grain weight and plant height.The coefficient of variation of yield is greater than 20%.The variation coefficients of the main quality traits of spring and winter varieties ranked as wet gluten content,crude protein content,bulk density and amylopectin content in a descending order.Except for Zinuomi 1,the amylopectin content of other waxy wheat varieties is more than 97%.Through cluster analysis,44 waxy wheat varieties were divided into three major categories.Class I contains 28 varieties,accounting for 64%of the total,with the moderate population yield and quality;Class II contains 11 varieties,accounting for 25%of the total,with high yield and quality;Class III contains 5 varieties,accounting for 11%of the total,with the relatively low population yield and quality.