闽南压白尺法的民俗文化探析

Analysis of the Folk Culture of the Yabaichi Method in Southern Fujian

压白尺法是我国闽南民间的传统营造技法之一。文章以传统时代下人们的民俗文化心理为基础,结合相关文献及田野调查资料,探讨压白尺法在闽南兴起的原因及其民俗文化的动态发展过程。研究发现,民间对建筑尺度和建筑方位的重视,以及关于数值与空间的择吉信仰,都根源于底层民众趋福避祸的心理需求,体现了人们对美好生活的向往。在压白尺法的推算流程中,可以窥见其作为营造范式体现出的公共意识形态,虽然其中不乏封建迷信的内容,但只要辩证看待风水术与营造术之间的交融关系,深入理解二者同根同源、互动发展的模式,对中国当代建筑学和民俗文化建构具有重要意义。

The Yabaichi method is one of the traditional construction techniques of southern Fujian in China.Based on the psychology of people′s folk culture in the traditional era,combined with relevant literature and field survey data,this paper explores the reasons for the rise of the Yabaichi method in southern Fujian and the dynamic development process of folk culture.The study finds that the people′s emphasis on the scale and orientation of architecture,as well as the belief in the choice of auspiciousness in numerical value and space,are rooted in the psychological needs of the people at the bottom to seek good fortune and avoid evil,which reflects people′s yearning for the better life.In the estimation process of the Yabaichi method,we can get a glimpse of the public ideology embodied in it as a construction paradigm,and there is no lack of feudal superstition,but as long as we look at the blending relationship between feng shui and construction dialectically,we can deeply understand the model of the two having the same root and the same origin and interactive development can be of great significance to the construction of contemporary Chinese architecture and folk culture.