高原部队官兵罹患咳嗽的风险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors for developing cough in troops stationed at high altitudes

目的调查高原高寒环境下驻训部队咳嗽患病率及相关风险因素。方法2022年11月至2023年4月,对不同海拔的驻训官兵采用发放自填式调查问卷方式对咳嗽患病率开展流行病学调查,通过logistic回归分析驻训官兵咳嗽发生的相关风险因素。结果调查高原驻训官兵1514人,其中三个月内咳嗽为499人,咳嗽患病率为32.96%。单因素分析发现家乡地区、驻训海拔、体质量指数、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、高原工作年限、既往高原咳嗽史、过敏史、哮喘史、过敏性鼻炎史、慢性鼻炎史、慢性咽炎史是高原咳嗽的潜在影响因素(P<0.05)。调整混杂后多因素logistic回归分析进一步表明,海拔4000~5000 m(OR=2.514,95%CI:1.457~4.339)、吸烟史(OR=1.406,95%CI:1.098~1.799)、高原工作年限(OR=0.967,95%CI:0.936~0.990)、SAS(OR=2.491,95%CI:1.776~3.494)、既往高原咳嗽史(OR=5.278,95%CI:3.938~7.074)、慢性鼻炎史(OR=1.520,95%CI:1.075~2.515)、慢性咽炎史(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.191~2.894)与高原驻训官兵咳嗽显著相关。结论高原驻训官兵咳嗽(接受调查时3个月内)患病率为32.96%。驻训海拔高度、吸烟史、既往高原咳嗽史、SAS评分、慢性鼻炎史、慢性咽炎史是高原咳嗽发生的危险因素,高原工作年限为保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cough and related risk factors in troops stationed in high-altitude and cold environments.Methods From November 2022 to April 2023,a self-administered survey questionnaire was distributed to officers and soldiers stationed at different altitudes to conduct an epidemiological investigation of prevalence of cough.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the related risk factors for cough in stationed troops.Results A total of 1514 officers and soldiers stationed at high altitudes were investigated,among which 499 coughed within three months,with a prevalence of 32.96%.Univariate analysis revealed that factors such as hometown region,altitude,body mass index,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score,years of working at high altitudes,previous history of high-altitude cough,history of allergy,history of asthma,history of allergic rhinitis,history of chronic rhinitis,and history of chronic pharyngitis were potential influencing factors for high-altitude cough(P<0.05).After adjusting confounding factors,a multivariate logistic regression analysis further indicated that altitude of 40005000 m(OR=2.514,95%CI:1.457~4.339),smoking history(OR=1.406,95%CI:1.0981.799),years of working at high altitudes(OR=0.967,95%CI:0.9360.990),SAS(OR=2.491,95%CI:1.7763.494),previous history of high-altitude cough(OR=5.278,95%CI:3.9387.074),history of chronic rhinitis(OR=1.520,95%CI:1.0752.515),and history of chronic pharyngitis(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.1912.894)were significantly correlated with cough in troops stationed at high altitudes.Conclusion The prevalence of cough(within 3 months at the time of investigation)is 32.96%in troops stationed at high altitudes.Altitude,smoking history,previous history of high-altitude cough,SAS score,history of chronic rhinitis,and history of chronic pharyngitis are risk factors for high-altitude cough,while years of working at high-altitudes serve as a protective factor.