商品有机肥配施化肥对油菜生长及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of commercial organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the growth of Brassica napus and soil physical and chemical properties

为探究油菜生产中商品有机肥与化肥配施对油菜生长及土壤理化性质的影响,本研究通过田间试验,设置不施肥处理、全化肥施肥处理以及5个不同比例商品有机肥替代化肥处理,分析了不同比例商品有机肥配施化肥对油菜出苗成株、生育期、农艺性状、产量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与全化肥施肥相比,不同比例商品有机肥配施化肥有利于促进油菜生长,成株数提升7.41%~37.04%,生育期缩短7~17 d,农艺性状表现较好,增产14.38%~27.94%;不同比例商品有机肥配施化肥的土壤有机质和有效钾含量相对于全化肥施肥有所提高,土壤结构稳定性较好。综合来看,60%商品有机肥+40%化肥配施有利于油菜生长,改善土壤肥力,为油菜生产的化肥减量增效提供参考。

In order to explore the effects of the combination of commercial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth of Brassica napus and soil physicochemical properties in Brassica napus production,this study conducted field experiments and analyzed the effects of different proportions of commercial organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on Brassica napus emergence,growth period,agronomic traits,yield,and soil physicochemical properties by setting up no fertilization treatment,full chemical fertilizer fertilization treatment,and 5 different proportions of commercial organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer treatment.The results showed that compared with full chemical fertilizer application,different proportions of commercial organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer were beneficial for promoting the growth of Brassica napus,increasing the number of mature plants by 7.41% to37.04%,shortening the growth period by 7-17 days,performing better in agronomic traits,and increasing yield by14.38% to 27.94%;The soil organic matter and available potassium content of different proportions of commercial organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers have been improved compared to full chemical fertilizer fertilization,and the soil structure stability is better.Overall,the combination of 60% commercial organic fertilizer and40% chemical fertilizer is beneficial for the growth of Brassica napus,improves soil fertility,and provides a reference for reducing and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers in Brassica napus production.