高水平男子400米个人混合泳运动员分段成绩的特征研究

A Study on the Segmented Performance Characteristics of High-Level Men's 400m Medley Swimmers

400米个人混合泳是一项周期性体能项目,出色的游泳技术及合理的体能分配是运动员们在世界大赛中夺冠的关键。本文采用数理统计法对近五届世界游泳大赛上男子400米个人混合泳各分段成绩进行分析,以期探索各分段之间的关系,比较奖牌运动员与非奖牌运动员在竞赛分段成绩之间的差异,研究各分段成绩的特征及规律,为相关学者、教练们、运动员们提供实证参考。研究结果表明:①男子400米个人混合泳分段成绩与总成绩的高相关阶段为:蝶泳第2分段、100米蛙泳分段、100米蝶泳分段、仰泳第3分段、蛙泳第5分段、100米仰泳分段、蛙泳第6分段、自由泳第7分段、蝶泳第1分段、仰泳第4分段;②奖牌组与非奖牌组在各分段之间存在不同的程度的差异(P小于0.05),蛙泳阶段、自由泳阶段是男子400米个人混合泳运动员体能分配的关键阶段;③男子400米个人混合泳游进的策略为:蝶泳阶段负分游、仰泳阶段正分游、蛙泳阶段负分游、自由游阶段正分游,蝶泳阶段转仰泳阶段负分游,仰泳转蛙泳负分游,蛙泳转自由泳阶段正分游。

The 400m individual medley swimming is a periodized endurance event,and excellent swimming technique and reasonable physical allocation are the keys for athletes to win the world major competitions.This study uses mathematical statistics to analyze the results of men's 400m individual medley in the last five World Swimming Championships,in order to explore the relationship between the segments,to compare the dfferences between medalists and non-medalists in the competition segments,and to study the characteristics and patterns of the results of the segments,so as to provide reference for relevant scholars,coaches and athletes in the empirical aspect.The study showed that(a)the high correlation stages between the segment results of men's 400 m individual medley and the total results were:butterfly segment 2,100m breaststroke segment,100m butterfly segment,backstroke segment 3,breaststroke segment 5,100 m backstroke segment,breaststroke segment 6,freestyle segment 7,butterfly segment 1 and backstroke segment 4;(b)there were different degrees of differences(P=0.01)in the segment results of medalists and non-medalists;(c)there were different degrees of differences(P=0.00)in the segment results of medals and non-medalists.There are different degrees of differences(P less than 0.05),the breaststroke stage and freestyle stage are the key stages of physical energy distribution for the men's 400m individual medley swimmers;(d)The strategies of the men's 400m individual medley swimming are:negative split swimming in the butterfly stage,positive split swimming in the backstroke stage,negative split swimming in the breaststroke stage,positive split swimming in the freestyle stage,negative split swimming in the butterfly stage to backstroke stage,negative split swimming in the backstroke to breaststroke stage breaststroke to freestylewith positive splits.