足球运动员力量与其它身体素质结合训练的研究进展与方案启示

Research Advances and Implications of Integrative Training onStrength and Other Physical Qualities in Soccer Players

检索足球运动员力量与其它身体素质结合训练的相关文献,整合并评述结合训练的研究进展。在Web of science、PubMed、中国知网数据库检索2000———2023年发表的相关文献,依照排除和纳入标准最终得到文献36篇,其中力量结合耐力、协调、速度、灵敏的文献分别为12、5、11、8篇。研究结果显示:①在力量与耐力结合训练方面,任意负荷强度均能提升非高水平运动员的力量和心肺功能,而精英运动员则需要次极限强度的刺激才能提升其专项力量、冲刺速度、灵敏性及有氧耐力,且课内训练内容的顺序效益相近;②在力量与协调结合训练方面,先进行动态或静态协调训练可为随后的高质量力量训练奠定基础,训练安排选用板块分期模式更为有效;③在力量与速度结合训练方面,超等长与速度相结合的日间交替安排有助于提高冲刺及跳跃能力,而课内交替练习对提升跳跃、冲刺和变向能力等专项力量和速度的效果良好;④在力量与灵敏结合训练方面,日常技战术训练中采用力量与灵敏的课内交替,可以提高其跳跃、冲刺、转向及平衡能力。综上所述,可以从阶段、周、课3个层次建构足球运动员多素质相结合的训练组织与安排。

This study reviews and synthesizes literature concerning the integration of strength training with other physical qualities for soccer players.Thirty-six relevant articles published between 2000 and 2023 were identified through searches on Web of Science,PubMed,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database,following rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria.Of these,12 articles focused on strength combined with endurance,5 on strength combined with coordination,11 on strength combined with speed,and 8 on strength combined with agility.The findings reveal that:(a)in strength-endurance combined training,any load intensity can enhance strength and cardiovascular function for non-elite athletes,while elite athletes require submaximal intensity to improve specific strength,sprint speed,agility,and aerobic endurance,with similar benefits observed from different sequences of in-session training content.(b)In strength-coordination combined training,initiating dynamic or static coordination training can establish a foundation for subsequent high-quality strength training,and a module phased model proves to be more effective.(c)Regarding strength-speed combined training,alternating super-long and speed-focused sessions during the day contributes to improved sprinting and jumping abilities,while in-session alternating exercises are effective for enhancing specific strength and speed in jumping,sprinting,and direction changes.(d)In strength-agility combined training,incorporating strength and agility alternately in daily technical and tactical training can enhance jumping,sprinting,turning,and balance abilities.In summary,a three-tiered approach encompassing stage,weekly planning,and session organization is proposed for the integrated training of multiple physical qualities for soccer players.