意境美学与气氛美学的跨文化互释

Cross cultural interpretation of artistic conception aesthetics and atmosphere aesthetics

在全球化语境下,作为中国美学之独特形态的意境美学,与西方晚近兴起的气氛美学之间存在颇多可比照阐发、交流互鉴之处。在主客关系上,意境美学与气氛美学都打破了传统美学主客二分的思维方式,分别以“心-物”模式和“身-物”模式致力于审美主体与对象之间的间性关系的建构;不过意境美学融入与运用了综合的审美心理机能,侧重审美活动中精神性体验,将气氛美学中建立在感知学之上的“自然之物”进行了抬升和跨越,故作为意境美学基本单位的意象可以视为气氛之物的形而上之维。正是由于以上关联之处,一方面通感联觉是两种美学重要的审美生理-心理基础之一,另一方面作为审美范畴的“意境”和“气氛”都处于不断生成的状态之中,因而审美主体获得的美感体验都是历时性的情感体验,是一种“绵延”的美感。同时,意境美学和气氛美学都是在空间中进行审美,共同关注意境与气氛所营造的“虚实空间”。不仅如此,在情景创设、情调营造等方面,意境美学与气氛美学又可落实为一种共通的审美创造方案。基于以上事实,在意境美学与气氛美学之间进行广泛而深入的对话,既可为中西美学在交流互鉴中实现创新融合提供案例,还可在一定程度上激活中国古典美学的当代价值。

In the context of globalization,as a unique form of Chinese aesthetics,the aesthetic of artistic conception has much in common with the atmosphere aesthetics that emerged in the West in recent years.In the subject-object relationship,both aesthetic of artistic conception and atmosphere aesthetics have broken the traditional aesthetic way of thinking of subject-object dichotomy,and are committed to the construction of intersubjective relationship between aesthetic subject and object through the“mind-object”mode and“body-object”mode respectively.However,aesthetic of artistic conception integrates and applies comprehensive aesthetic psychological functions,and lays particular emphasis on spiritual experiences in aesthetic activities,elevating and transcending the“natural objects”based on perception theory in atmosphere aesthetics.Therefore,as the basic unit of aesthetic of artistic conception,image can be regarded as the metaphysical dimension of atmosphere objects.Due to the above connections,on the one hand,synesthesia is one of the important aesthetic physiological and psychological foundations of both aesthetics,and on the other hand,as aesthetic categories,“artistic conception”and“atmosphere”are in a state of continuous generation.Therefore,the aesthetic experience obtained by the aesthetic subject is a diachronic emotional experience,which is a kind of“continuous”beauty.At the same time,both aesthetic of artistic conception and atmosphere aesthetics are aesthetic in space,and they both focus on the“virtual and real space”created by artistic conception and atmosphere.Moreover,in terms of scene creation and emotional atmosphere creation,aesthetic of artistic conception and atmosphere aesthetics can be implemented as a common aesthetic creation scheme.Based on the above facts,extensive and in-depth dialogue between aesthetic of artistic conception and atmosphere aesthetics can not only provide cases for innovative integration of Chinese and Western aesthetics in communication and mutual learning,but also activate the contemporary value of Chinese classical aesthetics to a certain extent.