甲基转移酶样蛋白家族在肿瘤疾病中的相关研究进展

Research Progress in Research on Methyltransferase-like Protein Family in Cancer Diseases

甲基转移酶样蛋白(methyltransferase-like protein,METTL)是人体内普遍存在的一种酶类蛋白,具有核酸、蛋白质和其他小分子的结合域,通常以S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosylmethionine,SAM)为底物,催化甲基化过程。甲基化是蛋白质和核酸的重要修饰之一,也是表观遗传学的重要研究内容之一。METTL家族成员被认为是核酸和蛋白质甲基化过程中的甲基转移酶,了解这些潜在酶起作用的机制,有助于认识它们的功能和底物的特异性。随着研究的深入,发现METTL家族在多种肿瘤疾病中表达异常,明确其与肿瘤疾病的关系,可作为分子治疗的靶点,并对肿瘤的预后具有重要的作用。本文从METTL蛋白家族的分类,作用机制以及与肿瘤的关系等方面进行综述,以期为肿瘤的诊治提供新思路和新靶点。

Methyltransferase-like proteins(METTL)are a kind of enzyme proteins that exist widely in human body,with a binding domain of nucleic acids,proteins,and other small molecules.METTL catalyzes methylation using S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)as a substrate.Methylation is one of the important modifications of proteins and nucleic acids and is one of the important topics in epigenetic.Members of the METTL family are considered to be methyltransferases in the methylation of nucleic acids and proteins,and understanding the mechanisms by which these potential enzymes act can help understand their functions and substrate specificity.With the development of research,it has been found that METTL family is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor diseases,and its relationship with tumor diseases is clarified.It can be used as a target of molecular therapy and plays an important role in tumor prognosis.In this review,the classification,mechanism of action and relationship between METTL family and tumor were reviewed in order to provide new ideas and new targets for tumor pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment.