17世纪英国与荷兰的国际海洋秩序观之争

The Dispute between the Anglo-Dutch View of International Maritime Order in 17th Century

17世纪,欧洲强国围绕海上霸权的博弈激烈频仍。为了争夺海洋秩序话语主导权,荷兰学者格劳秀斯的《论海洋自由》与英国学者塞尔登的《海洋封闭论》先后问世,而两本著作所阐发的两种国际海洋秩序观则针锋相对。《论海洋自由》体现了当时海上头号强国的荷兰希望继续扩大海上优势的意图,《海洋封闭论》则反映了处于相对劣势的英国维护自身海上经济利益的目的。英荷国际海洋秩序观之争实则是重商主义时代背景下两国的国家海洋战略之争。

In the 17th century,the game of maritime hegemony among the European powers was intense and frequent.In order to compete for the dominance of the discourse on maritime order,the Dutch scholar Grotius's Mare Liberum and the British scholar Selden's Mare Clausum came out one after another,and the two views of the international maritime order expounded in the two books were in stark contrast to each other.Mare Liberum reflected the intention of the Dutch,the number one maritime power at that time,to continue to expand its maritime advantage,while Mare Clausum reflected the purpose of the British,which was in a relatively inferior position,to safeguard its own maritime economic interests.The dispute between British and the Dutch over the international maritime order was in fact a dispute over the national maritime strategies of the two countries in the context of the mercantilist era.