近代早期至20世纪伊朗对波斯帝国历史记忆的发现

The Discovery and Reconstruction of Persian Empire Memory in Iran from Early Modern Period to the 20th Century

历史记忆的形塑在民族认同形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。近代以来波斯帝国历史记忆的发现与重建是多方主体共同参与的产物,其中既有东方学家释读碑文与考古挖掘的实证研究,也有民族主义驱动下伊朗精英的政治构建与宗教诠释。波斯帝国历史记忆在现代伊朗的发现与重建是通过两个方面完成的:一是解构了中古波斯人的神圣历史观,使《列王纪》中凯扬王朝从“信史”转化为后世层累创作的民族史诗;二是将阿契尼美德王朝重新纳入伊朗历史传统之中。通过梳理波斯帝国历史记忆在不同时期的挖掘过程,不仅可以重现波斯帝国遗产在现代伊朗社会乃至全球学术中得以被构建和接受的历史过程,亦可以管窥古代历史与建构国家认同之间的互动逻辑。

The shaping of historical memory plays an important role in the formation of national identity.Since modern times,the discovery and reconstruction of the historical memory of the Persian Empire was the product of the joint participation of multiple subjects.It includes the empirical research of orientalists interpreting inscriptions and archaeological excavations,and the political construction and religious interpretation of Iranian elites driven by nationalism.The discovery and reconstruction of the historical memory of the Persian Empire in modern Iran was realized from two aspects.Firstly,deconstruct the sacred view of history of the Persians in the Medieval Ages,transforming the KaiYang Dynasty from the"faithful historical account"in the Kings to the national epic created by later generations.Secondly,reincorporate the Achaemenid Dynasty into the Iranian historical tradition.The summary for the excavation process of the historical memory of the Persian Empire in different periods can not only reproduce the historical process in which the heritage of the Persian Empire was constructed and accepted in modern Iranian society and even global academia,but also glimpse the interactive logic between ancient history and the construction of national identity.