从“膺惩清国”到“东亚兴隆”——德富苏峰的对华论策与生成逻辑

From"Punishing the Qing Dynasty"to"Prosperity of East Asia"——The Policy and Logic of Tokutomi Sohou Toward China

德富苏峰是日本明治至昭和时期的舆论报刊界巨擘与政府的国策智囊,他的思想经历了“平民主义—国家主义—皇室中心主义—法西斯主义”的重心转移,对华论策也由“膺惩清国”转向“中日同盟”,最终变奏为“东亚兴隆”,其帝国主义话语的表层逻辑是基于瞬息万变的国际形势与日本实力消长所做的权宜之计,深层逻辑则是基于个人政治抱负与岛国危机意识的“忠君爱国”思想下集体本位主义的渲染与运用。重要的是,当今日本政界与右翼思潮与其思想一脉相传,探究苏峰的对华论策不仅对日本侵华的研究有所裨益,还可为考察当代日本右翼势力的对华观提供新的视角。

Tokutomi Sohou was a great figure in the Japanese public opinion and press as well as a think-tank of the government's national policy during the Meiji and Showa periods.His ideology underwent a shift of focus from"populism-statism-royal-centrism-fascism",and his policy toward China shifted from"punishing the Ching Dynasty"to"Prosperity of East Asia".The surface logic of his imperialist discourse and behavior was based on the expediency of the ever-changing international situation and Japan's strength,The deep logic is the rendering and application of collective standardism under the idea of"loyalty to the monarch and patriotism"based on personal political ambitions and the crisis consciousness of the island nation.It is important to note that the Japanese political circles and right-wing ideology are closely related to this ideology,and an investigation of Tokutomi Sohou's China policy will not only be beneficial to the study of Japan's invasion of China,but also provide new perspectives on the contemporary Japanese right-wing's view of China.