空间认知能力评价及其与场景草图面要素方位特征间关系的研究

Analyzing the Relationship between Spatial Cognition and Orientation Representations of Spatial Features in Sketch Maps

场景草图是人们对周围环境认知结果的概括性表达,研究人们空间认知能力和场景草图不同特征之间的关系是实现场景草图与地图匹配的重要基础之一。然而,现有研究中仍然缺少空间认知与面要素间方向关系相互影响的研究。本文使用基于锥形模型的四方向模型和八方向模型以及基于投影的MBR模型描述场景草图中面要素间的方位关系,将空间认知能力划分为心理旋转能力(MRT)、方位能力和复杂图形记忆能力(CFT),设计认知能力实验,分析在社区级尺度下多类型场景中人们空间认知能力差异和场景草图面要素方位关系之间的相关性。研究表明:在居民区、商业区等等面要素类型丰富且分布复杂的区域:①心理旋转能力和场景草图面要素方位关系呈正相关;②方位能力和面要素方位关系呈显著正相关;③复杂图形记忆能力和面要素方位关系则没有明显关联,而在面要素类型单一分布规整的区域,3种空间认知能力和面要素方位关系则关联不明显。本文研究结果可以为场景草图在数据库中匹配寻址提供支持,也表明草图中地物间的方位关系是一个合适的匹配因子。

A sketch map depicts people's cognitive responses to their surroundings.Most studies either directly investigate the sketch map or utilize it as a tool to analyze people's psychological characteristics or preferences,lacking a thorough understanding of the spatial cognitive rules reflected in the sketch map.Due to the distortion and incompleteness of sketch maps,there is still a lack of efforts in analyzing the relationship between spatial cognition and orientation relationship of spatial features.In addition,it is essential to investigate the connections between people's spatial cognitive ability and various sketch map characteristics for sketch map alignment.In this paper,taking the orientation relationship as an example,the cone model with four and eight directions and MBR model based on projection were used to describe the direction between spatial features which were represented by polygons in sketch maps.The Mental Rotation Test(MRT),the Spatial Orientation/Perspective Test(SOP),and the Complex Figure Test(CFT)were used to classify spatial cognitive abilities into mental rotation ability,orientation ability,and memory ability in a cognitive ability experiment.After that we recruited volunteers to draw sketch maps about the multi-type environment at community scale.Then the variation in participants'spatial cognitive ability and the orientation relationship of spatial characteristics in different situations were investigated.Finally,we used Spearman coefficients to analyze the relationship between these abilities and the mutual orientation relationships of polygons in sketch maps.The results revealed that the cone model with four directions and the MBR model produced similar results when describing the orientation relationship between polygon features in a sketch map,however the cone model with eight directions was too exact to represent it,resulting in a low accuracy.In the area with complex spatial feature distribution and rich types of elements such as residential areas and commercial areas:(1)mental rotation ability was positively correlated with the orientation relationships of spatial features in sketch map;(2)the ability of azimuth judgment was significant positively correlated with the spatial feature orientation relationships;(3)it was still not clear whether there's a clear relationship between memory abilities and spatial feature orientation relationships.However,the correlation between the three spatial cognitive abilities and spatial feature orientation relationships was not obvious in regions with regular distribution of surface elements.Finally,participants tended to draw spatial features more accurately in their familiar area though this was not obvious compared to the whole sketch map.The results of this paper provide support for sketch map alignment in databases,and also demonstrate that the orientation relationship between ground objects in the sketch is a stable matching factor.