乡村振兴战略再思考:逻辑主线、规律趋势和推进方略

Rethinking China's rural revitalization strategy:logical framework,patterns and trends,and implementation strategies

乡村振兴战略推进实施已经5年多,亟待从政策逻辑、任务逻辑和理论逻辑对乡村振兴实践进行再审视和再梳理,立足规律和趋势对乡村发展历程进行再探究和再研判,以期对未来乡村振兴方略进行再思考和再谋划。研究认为:①政策逻辑层面,乡村振兴顶层设计已经完善,其系统架构、政策主线和关键问题日渐清晰。任务逻辑层面,乡村振兴重点工作围绕“二十字”方针和五大振兴领域全面铺开,政策精度和实践准度亟待提高。理论逻辑层面,乡村振兴理论研究滞后于实践探索,对未来发展具有指导性、学理化的阐释和架构还有待进一步突破。②规律趋势方面,在农业产业份额和就业份额逐年降低的背景下,乡村产业发展出现“超预期裂变”趋势,主要体现为产业容量逐年扩张、产业效率快速提升以及产业形态加快重塑。随着城乡互动发展迈入新阶段、乡村内部演化出现新特征、乡村治理建设涌现新动能,乡村空间经济社会呈现“分类转型发展”的趋势,其功能形态、特征表现与路径模式逐渐特色化、多元化。城乡生产要素流动已突破空间约束,由单向互斥性流动过渡为双向协同耦合性流动,呈现“双向跨界窗口”趋势。2020—2035年是破除城乡二元结构、健全城乡融合发展体制机制的窗口期。③结合乡村发展的规律和趋势,推进乡村振兴必须坚持底线思维,围绕极端问题构建战略底线保障体系;坚持融合思维,培育城乡融合区域协同发展新活力;坚持转型思维,探索未来乡村建设实践进路;坚持窗口思维,抢抓数字化、生态化发展机遇;坚持改革思维,激活乡村发展内生动力。

It has been five years since the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy,and there is an urgent need to reconsider the practice of rural revitalization from the logic of the policy system,major tasks,and inner theory.Based on regularity and tendency analysis,this paper intends to re-examine and re-analyze this strategy for the future.The research finds that:①In terms of the policy logic,the top-level design for rural revitalization has been refined,and the policy's systemic architecture,structure,and key issues are becoming clearer.In terms of its tasks,the focus on key aspects of rural revitalization has become increasingly comprehensive,but there is a need to enhance the accuracy and precision of its application.In theoretical terms,research on rural revitalization is considered to lag behind its practical exploration,requiring further breakthroughs for future development.②In terms of regular trends,under the background of decreasing agricultural and employment shares,the development of rural industries shows a trend of‘over-expected fission,’such as expanding industrial capacity,rapidly improving efficiency,and accelerating the reshaping of industrial forms.The rural spatial economy and society show the trend of‘categorized transformational development,’rural evolution shows new features,and rural construction shows new dynamics.Urban and rural factor mobility demonstrates a shift in the flow of production factors from unidirectional exclusion to bidirectional synergistic coupling,entering a trend of‘two-way cross-border windows.’The years from 2020 to 2035 are seen as a window of opportunity for breaking the rural-urban dual structure and establishing a comprehensive rural-urban integration development mechanism.③To promote rural vitalization,we should adhere to bottom-line thinking and build a strategic bottom-line security system around extreme issues;foster integration thinking and cultivate new vitality for regional coordinated development between urban and rural areas;maintain transformational thinking;explore future paths of rural construction practices;embrace‘window’thinking and seize opportunities for digital and ecological development;and uphold reform thinking and activate endogenous dynamics for rural development.