鼻咽癌微环境的免疫耐药机制研究进展

Research Progress in Immune Resistance Mechanism of Microenvironment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

鼻咽癌发病隐匿,确诊时常为疾病晚期。临床上,鼻咽癌治疗通常采用调强放疗,且疗效较好。免疫治疗是一种新兴的靶向肿瘤微环境(TME)中免疫细胞的治疗方式,其通过激活耗竭的淋巴细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞,包括免疫检查点抑制剂、适应性细胞疗法和肿瘤疫苗,近年均取得了重大突破。TME是肿瘤发生和发展的必要因素,TME由细胞和非细胞成分组成,其中许多因素参与免疫耐药,包括内源性和外源性耐药机制,但由于个体差异的存在,仅具有特殊TME的患者才能从免疫治疗中获益。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is featured with insidious onset and when diagnosed it is often in the advanced stage.In clinical practice,intensity modulated radiotherapy is commonly used for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and the therapeutic effect is good.Immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic approach that targets immune cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which kills tumor cells by activating depleted lymphocytes,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,adaptive cell therapy,and tumor vaccines,and has achieved significant breakthroughs in recent years.TME is a necessary factor in the occurrence and development of tumors.TME is composed of cellular and non-cellular components,many of which are involved in immune resistance,including endogenous and exogenous resis-tance mechanisms.However,due to individual differences,only patients with specific TME can benefit from immunotherapy.