2008―2018年北京城区某体检人群膳食多样化和膳食质量变化趋势

Trend analysis on dietary diversity and quality among urban residents with health examination in Beijing from 2008 to 2018

目的了解2008―2018年北京城区某体检人群膳食多样化及膳食质量变化趋势。方法选择2008―2018年在北京某体检中心完成体检问卷的北京城区居民为研究对象,利用半定量食物频率问卷计算主要食物组每日摄入量,根据2010年全国人口普查数据中北京市≥20岁城市居民性别和年龄构成对膳食多样化评分-9分类(diet diversity score-9 classification,DDS9)和中国膳食平衡指数(Chinese diet balance index,DBI_16)的得分和指标百分率标准化,采用Meta回归分析探究变化趋势。结果共纳入224178人次,标准化后DDS9得分11年间增加0.2分,达标率从5.1%增至7.4%(P<0.001)。2008―2018年北京城区居民DBI_16总分呈上升趋势(β=0.16,P<0.001),对应达标率从4.9%降至3.8%,其中正端分中高度摄入过量率从43.7%增至54.3%(β=1.07,P<0.001),负端分适宜率从79.3%增至83.1%(β=0.35,P<0.001),膳食质量距的各百分率无长期变化趋势(P>0.05)。结论2008―2018年北京市城区居民膳食摄入不足的问题有所改善,膳食摄入过量的问题逐年加重,膳食多样化状况不佳。应采取干预措施指导居民理解膳食多样化、促进居民膳食均衡、提高膳食质量。

Objective To explore the long-term trend of dietary diversity and quality among Beijing urban residents with health examinations from 2008 to 2018.Methods The urban residents who completed physical examination questionnaires in a physical examination center in Beijing between 2008 and 2018 were selected.A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the daily intakes of major food groups.The scores and index percentages of diet diversity score-9 classification(DDS9)and Chinese diet balance index(DBI_16)were standardized to the gender and age composition of urban residents aged 20 and above in Beijing from the 2010 national census data,and meta-regression analysis was used to explore the long-term trend.Results Among the 224178 subjects,the standardized DDS9 score increased by 0.2 over 11 years,with the qualified rate rising from 5.1%to 7.4%(P<0.001).From 2008 to 2018,DBI_16 total score for urban residents in Beijing showed an increasing trend(β=0.16,P<0.001),while the corresponding qualified rate decreased from 4.9%to 3.8%.The moderate or severe surplus of food intake rate increased from 43.7%to 54.3%(β=1.07,P<0.001),and the qualified rate of the low bound score increased from 79.3%to 83.1%(β=0.35,P<0.001),but no significant long-term trend was observed in any rate of dietary quality distance(P>0.05).Conclusions From 2008 to 2018,the insufficient dietary intake of Beijing′s urban residents improves,while the excessive dietary intake worses year after year,and the average dietary diversity is poor.Intervention measures,such as promoting a balanced diet and improving dietary quality,should be implemented to guide residents toward dietary diversity.